Lagging Behind – The Emerging Influence of Jet Lag Symptoms on Road Safety
Shang Yuin
Chai
School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
author
Gerard
Flaherty
School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
author
text
article
2019
eng
Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death in international travelers. With the growth of international travel, the number of visitors who rent a vehicle upon arrival at their destination by air or by sea is expected to increase. Jet lag is a well-recognized maladaptation to international travel across multiple time zones. Little is known about the possible influence of jet lag symptoms on the risk of road traffic collisions. Lack of awareness or failure to recognize the debilitating effects of jet lag and driving immediately after a long-haul flight put the driver at risk of a fatal road traffic accident. This article summarizes the available evidence and suggests reasonable approaches which may serve to minimize the risk of jet lag-induced driver fatigue leading to road injuries and deaths. The future research agenda should focus on routinely recording whether jet lag was a co-factor in road traffic accidents, analyzing the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns to highlight this neglected issue, and investigating the impact of jet lag on pedestrian road safety.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
39
44
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_86185_a47be53616d1a01ef85180109d7b28b3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.09
Initiatives in Medical Volunteerism Aimed at Reducing the Burden of Orthopedic Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Albert
Anastasio
School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
author
text
article
2019
eng
While infectious disease garners much attention and research funding globally, initiatives aimed at treating traumatic orthopedic injuries are underfunded despite such injuries accounting for a significant degree of morbidity worldwide. In recent years, a number of organizations have sought to alleviate this burden through treatment and educational initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, emerging developments in orthopedic technology are allowing for more expansive treatment options in resource-poor environments. Distribution of both used and surplus orthopedic implants and components in LMICs and programs intended to encourage resident involvement with overseas volunteerism have proved beneficial in reducing the global burden of orthopedic disease. The goal of this manuscript is to educate readers about current initiatives in orthopedic volunteerism.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
45
47
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_88156_fbd63ee9a3790123b919dcb73ec18b8d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.10
Feasibility of Obtaining Sufficient Numbers of Responses to Questions About Travel Intentions, Thereby Facilitating Effective Health Messaging
Neil
Seeman
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
author
Danielle
Goldfarb
RIWI Corporation, Toronto, Canada
author
Emily
Kuzan
RIWI Corporation, Toronto, Canada
author
Mary
Seeman
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
author
text
article
2019
eng
Introduction: The medical literature has identified a variety of health risks associated with travel. Risks depend on the susceptibility of the traveler, the specifics of the destination, the mode of transport, and on chance events. Ill-prepared travelers who underestimate travel risks may encounter a variety of health problems. In order to eventually increase the capability of travel risk prediction, the current study aimed to ascertain travel intent in China, a country traditionally difficult to penetrate through online survey. Methods: This pilot survey study used a reliable, anonymous, online survey method to determine the feasibility of obtaining a sufficient response in China to enable travel risk prediction. Results: The results are encouraging in that seven and a half thousand individuals in China responded over the course of one month. Most responders were from urban centers. Three to eleven percent of the respondents were over age 55 and planning to travel to potentially hazardous destinations. Conclusion: The combination of older age and geographic risk increases the chance of ill health during travel. Knowing who is planning to travel, where they are from, and where, when, and how they are planning to arrive at their destination opens a corridor to effective preventive public health programming and educational initiatives.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
48
52
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_91397_7714e62f855c4b2bf584b99ff92354f2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.11
Epidemiology of Medical Events on a Commercial African National Airline Carrier Between 2009 and 2011
Salim
Parker
Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
author
Ozayr
Mahomed
Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
author
text
article
2019
eng
Introduction: An estimated 3.8 billion passengers traveled on commercial aircraft in 2016, of whom close to 1.5 billion crossed international boundaries. Modern commercial aircrafts can carry up to 800 passengers and can fly more than 18 hours. Although not very common, in-flight medical incidents can result in flight diversions that are costly and extremely inconvenient. The aim of the current study was to review in-flight medical incidents on a commercial African carrier between 2009 and 2011. Methods: A secondary analysis of data collected by air stewards during in-flight medical events that were recorded in a register were retrieved for the 3-year period 2009-2011. All medical documented data was evaluated. Results: A total of 3306 medical events equating to an average of 155 cases per million passengers per year were documented over the 3-year study period, of which 3279 were specified into medical categories. Cardiovascular cases (1124; 34.0%) gastrointestinal (727; 22.0%), muscular-skeletal (302; 9%), and respiratory (202; 6%) were the most common cases. Most incidents (74%) were managed by the cabin crew. Five of the medical incidents led to diversions. There were 9 deaths on board over the 3-year period. Conclusion: In-flight medical incidents are rare events. Comparisons with other airlines is difficult due to the non-standardization of recording methods. A global uniform reporting format across all airlines is necessary. Further research is required to determine the factors associated with medical incidents so that pre-emergency preparedness plans can be strengthened.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
53
56
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_90236_f0624490bda72f25c82e796f36c165da.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.12
Occult Hepatitis B in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Alireza
Saadat
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Gholam Ali
Ghorbani
Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Yasser
Hossienzadeh
Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Nematollah
Jonaidi
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Gholamreza
Toogeh
Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Morteza
Izadi
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
Introduction: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one health problem in Iran. Occult hepatitis B (OBI) is diagnosed by the detection of HBV DNA in the serum or liver tissue of patients for whom other serology, especially HBsAg and HBcAg, are negative. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of OBI in patients who refer for chemotherapy. Methods: All patients referring for chemotherapy to the oncology clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2012 to 2013 were selected as the population of this cross-sectional study. Samples of 5 mL of blood were taken from each subject and assayed for HBsAg and HBcAb. If HBV markers were negative, a qualitative HBV DNA PCR was done to detect OBI. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17 software, and the frequency test was used to determine prevalence. Results: In this study, 251 candidates for chemotherapy were recruited. Of this number, 114 (45%) patients were women. Mean patient age was 52.6 years. A total of 149 (59%) study subjects were employed, and the others were housekeepers or self-employed. About 67 (26.6%) patients had a history of one dose and 40 (15.9%) patients had a history of complete HBV vaccination. HBsAg was positive in 6 (2.4%) and HBcAb was positive in 33 (13.1%) patients; qualatative HBV DNA PCR was positive in 2 (0.8%) patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that OBI infection has a low prevalence, but patients referring for chemotherapy are at risk for its reactivation. On the other hand, isolated HBcAb is also a risk factor; therefore, in addition to HBsAg, it is recommended that HBcAb be evaluated before chemotherapy.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
57
61
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_90234_8a9cde576617b92e149f584dffecb234.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.13
Impact of Proximate Determinants on Fertility Transition Behind the Socio-demographic Factors in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Approach from the National Survey
Iqramul
Haq
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
author
Sheikh Giash
Uddin
Department of Statistics, Jagannath University, Dhaka -1100, Bangladesh
author
Injamul
Haq Methun
Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Aminul
Islam
Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Shariatpur, Bangladesh
author
Sultana
Bethe
Department of Statistics, Jagannath University, Dhaka -1100, Bangladesh
author
Abdul
Latif
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
author
Mahabub
Alam
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning, Dhaka, Bangladesh
author
text
article
2019
eng
Introduction: Fertility is a vital ingredient in measuring population fluctuation. Bangladesh is still above the level of transplantation of fertility. The target of this research was to determine the proximate factors on fertility rate reduction in Bangladesh. Methods: The 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) was used as secondary data. The association between fertility and sociodemographic variables was determined by bivariate analysis. Multiple regression analysis in a hierarchical approach was applied to determine the impact of factors on fertility rate reduction. Results: In the 2014 BDHS, the mean fertility of women aged 15-49 years was 2.45, and 76.5% of women were married at an early age. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that education has a significant effect on fertility rate. Increasing the education status of women decreased fertility, while other variants of Model I were controlled. Women who accomplish a secondary or higher education are more likely to have fewer children than illiterate women. Conclusion: The findings of the current study strongly recommend that efforts be made to augment female education, to inform women of the negative impact of early marriage, and to enhance the quality of contraceptive use for all ever-married women, particularly those living in the eastern region. Such steps would be the largest contribution to a future reduction in fertility rates in Bangladesh.
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
62
68
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_92161_ffcd6b75c6de54aa77affdc2793c950e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.14
Objective Structured Knowledge Exchange: A Novel Instructional Approach in Travel Medicine Education
Gerard
Flaherty
School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
author
Conor
Maguire
Glencairn Medical Centre, Dublin, Ireland
author
Simon
Collins
Travel Health Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
author
text
article
2019
eng
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
69
70
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_85979_e57ef5dd4c21903598da5746c9589a62.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.15
Cross Boundary Morbidity and Mortality: A Situation Analysis of Recent 2012 Diphtheria Outbreak in Thailand
Viroj
Wiwanitkit
Dr. DY Patil University, Pune, India
author
text
article
2019
eng
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
2322-1100
7
v.
2
no.
2019
71
71
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_85980_36de74d484921bc54936bad3ce89ef52.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.16