@article { author = {Meskarpour-Amiri, Mohammad and Mehrabi Tavana, Ali}, title = {The Trend of Age Distribution in WHO’s EMRO countries during the Last Three Decades (1980-2010) and its Future Health Policy Requirements}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {91-93}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-030391}, abstract = {Introduction: Investigation trend of age distribution can be helpful for policymakers to predict the potential challenges of health care systems in order to improve responsibilities to future health needs. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the trend of age distribution in the EMRO region in order to determine future health policy requirements. Methods: This study was conducted in 2013 using the general population data of 23 EMR (Eastern Mediterranean Region) countries during the last three decades (1981-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010). Data included 3 main age groups: percentage of 0-14 year olds, 15-64 year olds and 65 and above year old population from the total population. The Descriptive statistics were used to study the growth of each age group by using the Excell2007 Software. Results: The percentage of children in all EMRO countries (exempt Afghanistan and Somalia) have considerably decreased during the last three decades. On the other hand, in most (17 from 23) EMRO countries, the percentage of the elderly have considerably increased during the last three decades. Conclusion: The region is going to be an old and elderly population therefore health care systems should be ready to response to this age groups’ health needs. Future studies needs to clarify the old ages health needs such as diet, sport, health facilities and education.}, keywords = {Age Distribution,EMRO,health policy}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33209.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33209_06ea0da6d4c6a751a196dc6b61069aed.pdf} } @article { author = {Mirmalek, Seyed Abbas and Kani, Fatemeh Elham and Mehrabi, Arianeb and Chavoshi-Nejad, Mehdi and Salimi-Tabatabaee, Seyed Alireza and Parsa, Yekta and Yadollah-Damavandi, Soheila and Parsa, Tina and Aidun, Amin}, title = {Breast Carcinoma; Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) and Grading Correlation}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {95-97}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-030395}, abstract = {Introduction: Overexpression of Human Epidermal Growth factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) is one of the most important prognostic and predictive factors of breast cancer, observed in 25% - 30% of breast carcinoma patients leading to poor prognosis and feasible anti HER-2 antibody drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the HER-2 frequency in target population and its correlation with histologic grade as well as tumor pathology, estrogen receptor (ER) and P53 in our patients. Methods: A total of 300 cases (all female) aged 24- 80 year, were randomly selected from patients who were admitted in two of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences affiliated centers (Emam Khomeini Cancer Institute and Shariati hospital) over a 2-year period (2013-2014). Assessment of tumors for HER-2, P53, ER, pathological type and histologic grade was performed. HER-2 over expression defined as three plus (+++) in immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The mean age was 49.6±11 years. HER-2 over expression was seen in 34% of the patients. Significant correlations were found between HER-2+, P53+ and high histologic grade and ER (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between HER-2 and pathologic type of tumors in our study. Conclusion: Co-expression of several poor prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer (HER-2 +, P53 +, ER- , high grade) may predict more aggressive phenotype, worse disease and lower overall survival in these patients.}, keywords = {Breast carcinoma,Tumor Grading,Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2)}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33212.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33212_52ae3909e547e4b7781940b522fad7b0.pdf} } @article { author = {Ranjbar, Reza and Amoupour, Moein and Behzadi, Payam}, title = {Skin Infections and Travelers}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {99-102}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-030399}, abstract = {Knowing the type of infections in different geographical regions may help to prevent the distribution of diseases. Vaccines, repellents, mosquito nets and clothes are recommended for preventing the increase of infectious diseases. There are different types of climate and geographical items around the world which determine the kind of skin infections. Travelers' skin diseases are recognized as serious global problems. This problem will be solved through an identification of all the types of microbial agents and vectors which may lead to these infections. Informing travelers and advising are the best ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.}, keywords = {Skin Diseases,Travel Medicine,Microbiological Phenomena}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33214.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33214_1faad1e20dc4a57fb793fcd91f7f2a2d.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini, Seyed Mojtaba and Tabibi, , Seyed Jamaledin and Nasiripour, Amir Ashkan and Sepehri, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {The Readiness of Hospitals to Implement the RFID Technology}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {103-105}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303105}, abstract = {Introduction: This study is implemented with the aim of a systematic collecting and reviewing of conducted researches in connection with the implementation of the Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Methods: This study has examined the existent literatures in databases such as Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge and Science Direct by using the qualitative research methods as a systematical review. The statistical society in this study consisted of archival sources that were collected and classified by the systematic review protocol and were analyzed by using the Marshall and Rasman model. Results: There were many concerns for the use of this technology to optimize the use of RFID technology, especially in the developing country. Using the experiences of developed countries in the use of this technology and changing it according to the conditions could be a major contribution to the use of this technology. Conclusion: Studies done in this area are limited but they will have growth, yet need culture.  It is said that the use of this technology is evident in various industry and society sectors especially in the healthcare sector.}, keywords = {technology,RFID,content analysis,Hospitals}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33216.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33216_a97d4baebf965c597291925e7b95d12e.pdf} } @article { author = {Yazdian Anari, Pouria and Vaghefi, Marzie and Sepehri, Maria and Sheibani-Tehrani, Donya and Habibi, Mansooreh}, title = {Travel Medicine: A Systematic Review}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {107-109}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303109}, abstract = {Introduction: Travel medicine is devoted to the health of travelers who visit foreign countries. It is an interdisciplinary specialty concerned not only with prevention of infectious diseases during travel but also with the personal safety of travelers and the avoidance of environmental risks. Methods: This review examines 15 appropriate papers by PRISMA from 28 papers searched in PubMed via the NCBI Entrez system. Results: A traveler’s health and safety depends on a practitioner’s level of expertise in providing pretravel counseling and vaccinations, if required. Conclusion: The standards of medical care given to travelers before, during and after travel should be as high as those practiced in every other field of medicine.}, keywords = {Travel Medicine,Health,safety}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33219.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33219_32e1a9ee4f9a919f723e57ff2a51aff5.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadi-Fard, Mahyar and Khalesi, Mohammad-Mahdi and Saburi, Amin and Javdan, Kourosh and Naseh, Ghodratollah}, title = {The Radiographic Findings in Travelers with Chest Trauma Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in South Khorasan, Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {111-114}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303113}, abstract = {Introduction: Currently, trauma is the main reason of mortality among 1-44 years old people and the third common reason of death throughout all ages. The aim of this study is to examine the radiographic findings in chest trauma patients referring to the Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand during the years of 2013-2014. Methods: The patients meeting the criteria for the entrance to the study were examined and the frequency of radiographic findings in conventional x-ray and CT scan in the mentioned patients was recorded. After data collection, they were introduced to the SPSS 15 software, in which descriptive statistics and suitable statistical tests were analyzed at α=0.05. Results: Based on the results of this study, the most common radiologic finding in chest trauma patients was rib fracture (21.9%). Other radiologic findings, in order of prevalence, were: clavicle fracture (11.7%), pneumothorax (9.3%), spine fracture (7.6%), Hemothorax (6.3%), increased heart shadow (2.2%), wide mediastinum (1.9%), sternum fracture (1.7%), and pleural effusion (1.2%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between radiologic findings and the type of trauma (P<0.05). Conclusion: We found that clavicle fracture, pneumothorax, spine fracture, and hemothorax are the most common findings followings in chest trauma. Based on the results, as the type of trauma (penetrating or blunt) can have a direct relationship with its resulting pathology, modification of sociocultural structures should be considered in this regard.}, keywords = {Chest X-Ray,Trauma,Chest,fracture}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33221.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33221_1d047c45e37b89256d822161e5746af6.pdf} } @article { author = {Aryanfard, Sepideh and Rahimzadeh, Fereshteh and Moghani-Lankarani, Maryam and Khairudin, Rozainee and Mahamood, Yahaya and Assari, Shervin}, title = {The Effect of Drug Abstinence Program on Memory Functioning of Heroin Addicts}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {115-118}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303117}, abstract = {Introduction: Most of our knowledge regarding the link between opioid dependence and poor cognitive functioning is derived from cross sectional studies.This longitudinal study measured the change in memory functioning following complete abstinence among individuals with heroin dependence. Methods: Using a before-after design,this study followed 30 adults with heroin dependence from entry to completion of an abstinence program (cold Turkey method). We collected data on demographic factors and drug use variables. Memory was measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale. Using the paired t test, we compared different domains of memory functioning (i.e. personal information, orientation, mental control, logical memory, number repetition, visual memory, associative learning and memory quotient) before and after abstinence. Results: There wasa significant improvement in memory functioning on orientation, mental control, logical memory, number repetition, visual memory, association learning and memory quotient following completion of the abstinence program. The improvement, however, was not statistically significant for memory on personal information. Conclusion: This study documented improvement of memory functioning among heroin dependent adults following complete abstinence (cold turkey method). Further research is needed on the effect of heroin abstinence on memory functioning.}, keywords = {Memory,Heroin,Heroin Dependence,Heroin Dependence/Rehabilitation,Opioid-Related Disorders,Substance Dependence Disorders}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33226.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33226_d5335e317126900d31d48bb06903917b.pdf} } @article { author = {Hosseini, Seyed Mojtaba and Ali Mohammadzadeh, Khalil and Mohammadi Ebli, Zeinab}, title = {The Relationship between Parental Socioeconomic Status and Mortality in Premature Infants in Hospitals}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {119-122}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303121}, abstract = {Introduction: Measuring the patient mortality rate is the most important indicator for the evaluation of healthcare capabilities in intensive care units in hospitals and health systems. This study aims to investigate the impact of the socio economic status of households on premature infant mortality in hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive and analytic study was conducted in hospitals, having neonatal intensive care units (NICU), affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the spring of 2013. Using the census sampling method, 114 premature infants constituted the sample of the current study. Data was gathered using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi square and Fisher methods. Results: The results of the study showed that there is a significant statistical relationship (P<0.05) between the variables of maternal educational levels, employment status of mothers, birth spacing, history of previous neonatal death, parental smoking history and mothers' self-assessments of economic status of household with premature infant mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the relationship between the mentioned variables, increasing health awareness among parents and their education level can be considered as a significant factor in reducing infant mortality and also focusing on promoting healthy behavior can have a desirable impact on the reduction of premature infant mortality.}, keywords = {Socioeconomic factors,Infant Mortality,Intensive Care Units,neonatal,Hospitals}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33227.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33227_cbb4c03fab112befe23554a23cda3cc6.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdi, Manaf and Tofighi, Shahram and Niakan-Kalhori, Sharareh and Ebadi, Abbas and Zaboli, Rohollah and Basirat, Mohammad Hossein and Feyzi, Esmaeil}, title = {The Quality Assessment of Performance in Intensive Care Units According to APACHE II Score}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {123-126}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303125}, abstract = {Introduction: Improving the health level of patients is one of the most important purposes in intensive care units. In order to promote these units we need to measure their quality. To do so, some standards are needed in this area. The aim of this article was to study the mortality rate of the patients admitted to intensive care units with different APACHE scores. Methods: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in Tehran, Iran. The sampling was census and all the patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit in a hospital in Tehran in 2013 were studied in this study. The overall admitted patients were 350 that only 318 patients had completed the records and were involved in the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS15. Results: Mortality and viability in these two groups were 122 and 196, respectively. Seven out of 68 with scores 20, the mortality rate was 25% which was higher than standard values. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, we can conclude that the quality of care in intensive care units is desirable. It can be said that according to the APACHE system the quality of healthcare is desirable in the Intensive Care Units. As a conclusion, in order to promote quality, more serious care is needed in patients with greater scores. }, keywords = {patients,Quality of health care,Intensive Care Unit,mortality,APACHE}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33230.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33230_37aa12177fab184fb4932028fa680afa.pdf} } @article { author = {Jafari, Mehdi and Moradi, Yousef and Khodadost, Mahmoud and Sekhavati, Eghbal and Amini Anabad, Hossein and Moradpour, Farhad and Rajabi, Abdolhalim}, title = {The Trend of Esophageal Cancer Incidence in Iran}, journal = {International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {127-131}, year = {2015}, publisher = {International Travel Medicine Center of Iran}, issn = {2322-1100}, eissn = {2476-5759}, doi = {10.20286/ijtmgh-0303131}, abstract = {Introduction: Cancer is one of the main causes for mortality and morbidity in the world. Identifying epidemiology and the trend of esophageal cancer may be highly effective in related planning. The present study has been carried out with the aim of exploring the morbidity and trend of esophageal cancer in Iran. Methods: The present study is a type of repeated analysis of the existing data. The population of this study consisted of the cancer registry data during the years (2003-2009) in Iran. The direct incidence rate was standard according to the World Health Organization (WHO) population. The incidence trend of this disease in this country was drawn by the means of the STATA software and the significance of the morbidity trend diagram was also derived via WINPEPI software. Results: The results indicated the increasing trend of esophageal cancer up to 2008 while this trend has been dropping during the years 2008-9. The 31914 cases of esophageal cancer which have been recorded throughout the country out of which this rate has been increased from 2759 cases in 2003 to 6210 cases in 2009 so this rate signifies 2 times in morbidity and the recording of cases. During this 7-year career, the maximum incidence rate was related to the Ardabil province with 19.03 per 100’000 cases in 2009 while the minimum incidence rate was related to Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari and also Booshehr provinces with 0.48 and 0.42% per 1000 cases in 2003, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Iran is increasing, particularly in the northern and northwestern regions of the country. It is recommended to employ screening programs and premature diagnosis in the regions and among high risk populations.}, keywords = {Esophageal Neoplasm,Epidemiology,Cancer Incidence,Trend of Cancer}, url = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33231.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33231_85f50dcb09f675bc98c055da13d5fff6.pdf} }