ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among the Nurse Population in the East of Iran
Introduction: The present study was planned to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among nurses.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on employed nurses in Birjand in 2011. At first, complete clinical examinations were done; including height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure in standard ways. Then, 5cc blood of each subject, after a 12 hour fasting, was taken in order to measure FBS and lipid profile. A questionnaire inquiring demographic information and history of previous cardiovascular risk factors was filled out. At the end data were analyzed by T test in SPSS software (V.15).
Results: The mean age of the subject was 40.6±7.2 yrs. The most prevalent risk factor were dyslipidemia, overweight, and central obesity (70.4%, 40%, and 37.7% respectively). Dyslipidemia and smoking in men, and obesity in women were more prevalent.
Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors were high in nurses despite the adequate specialized knowledge about these risk factors.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33233_273a93078f1794ae50040c6cc7a091ee.pdf
2015-11-01
133
136
10.20286/ijtmgh-030477
Cardiovascular risk factor
Nurse
Iran
Toba
Kazemi
1
Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Centre, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Sharifzadeh
2
Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Alireza
Javadinia
javadinia.alireza@yahoo.com
3
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Salehiniya
4
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kazemi T, Sharifzadeh G, Zarban A, Fesharakinia A.Comparison of components of metabolic syndrome in premature myocardial infarction in an Iranian population: a case -control study. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(1):110-4
1
Jamali SM,Izadi M. Deaths: leading causes for 2011-2012. Int J Travel Med Glob Health.2014;2(2):69-80
2
Yusuf S, Vaz M, Pais P. Tackling the challenge of cardiovascular disease burden in developing countries. Am Heart J. 2004;148(1):1-4.
3
Shara N. Cardiovascular disease in Middle Eastern women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(6):412-8.
4
Musaiger AO. Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease in the Arab Middle East countries. Med Princ Pract. 2002;11(Suppl. 2):9-16.
5
Kazemi T, Sharifzadeh G, Hosseinaii F. Epidemiology of Trend of Acute Myocardial Infraction in Birjand between 2002-2006 years. Iran J Epidemiol. 2009;4(3):35-41. Persian
6
Abolhassani S, Irani MD, Sarrafzadegan N, Rabiei K, Shahrokhi S, Pourmoghaddas Z, et al. Barriers and facilitators of weight management in overweight and obese people: Qualitative findings of TABASSOM project. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Rese. 2012;17(3):205.
7
Ghazanfari Z, Alizadeh M, Azizzadeh Furozi M, Bahodini N. Prevalence of coronary artery diseases risk factors in Kerman. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2010;3(1):29-32.
8
Kazemi T, Sharifzadeh GR, Zarban A, Fesharakinia A, Rezvani MR, Moezy SA. Risk factors for premature myocardial infarction: a matched case-control study. J Res Health Sci. 2011;11(2):77-82.
9
Abazari P, Vanaki Z, Mohammadi E, Amini M. Challenges of training diabetes nurse educator in Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2012;17(3):187-94.
10
Yousefi H, Karami A, Moeini M, Ganji H. Effectiveness of nursing interventions based on family needs on family satisfaction in the neurosurgery intensive care unit. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2012;17(4):296.
11
Burns K, Gross B, Zanin M. Cardiovascular risk study: a comparison between northeast Ohio cardiovascular nurses and the nation. J Community Health Nurs. 2010;27(4):187-96.
12
Fair JM, Gulanick M, Braun LT. Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits among preventive cardiovascular nurses. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;24(4):277-86.
13
Miller SK, Alpert PT, Cross CL. Overweight and obesity in nurses, advanced practice nurses, and nurse educators. J Am Acad Nurs Pract. 2008;20(5):259-65.
14
Jaarsma T, Stewart S, De Geest S, Fridlund B, Johanna H, Mårtensson J, et al. A survey of coronary risk factors and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in cardiac nurses from Europe: do nurses still practice what they preach? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2004;3(1):3-6.
15
Hadaegh F, Khalili D, Ghasemi A, Tohidi M, Sheikholeslami F, Azizi F. Triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio is an independent predictor for coronary heart disease in a population of Iranian men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(6):401-8.
16
Azizi F, Rahmani M, Emami H, Mirmiran P, Hajipour R, Madjid M, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Soz Praventivmed. 2002;47(6):408-26.
17
Kazemi T, Sadeghi-Khorashad M, Salehi-Give A. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in drivers of heavy vehicles in the South Khorasan (2009-2010). J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2013;19(6):26-32. Persian
18
Kalantari F, Hovsepian S, Haghighi S, Amini M. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan, Iran. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disord. 2007;6(3):255-62. Persian
19
Sadeghi M, Roohafza H, Aghdak P, Kelishadi R, Shirani S. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among women of central parts of Iran: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program. J Qazvin Univ Med Scie. 2005;9(2):76-83. Persian
20
Hosseini S, Zabihi A, Bijani A. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in elderly population in Amirshahr (2007). Iran J Ageing. 2009;4(11):46-52. Persian
21
Esteghamati A, Meysamie A, Khalilzadeh O, Rashidi A, Haghazali M, Asgari F, et al. Third national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (SuRFNCD-2007) in Iran: methods and results on prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):167.
22
Ayatollahi S, Ghoreshizadeh Z. Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in Iran. Obe Rev. 2010;11(5):335-7.
23
Ramachandran A, Wan Ma RC, Snehalatha C. Diabetes in Asia. Lancet. 2010;375(9712):408-18.
24
Sluijs I, Beulens JW, Spijkerman AM, Grobbee DE, Van der Schouw YT. Dietary intake of total, animal, and vegetable protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-NL study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):43-8.
25
Ayatollahi SMT, Ghoreshizadeh Z. Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in Iran. Obes Rev. 2010;11(5):335-7.
26
Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):88.
27
Kaur G, Singh SP, Singh AP. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban and rural women of Punjab. Hum Bio Rev. 2013;2(4):306-13.
28
Basagoudar S, Chandrashekhar R. study of obesity and its risk factors among women of reproductive age group. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2013;5(3):23-8.
29
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Dietz WH, Vinicor F, Bales VS, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003;289(1):76-9.
30
Agheli N, Assefzadeh S, Rajabi M. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among population aged over 30 years in Rasht and Qazvin. J Qazvin Univ Med Scie. 2005;9(2):59-65. Persian
31
Jardim TV, Sousa AL, Povoa TR, Barroso WS, Chinem B, Jardim PC . Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors in different areas of health care over a 20-year period. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;103(6):493-501.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inequality of Health Spending and Public Health Outcome in Countries of the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO)
Introduction: There are little attention about health spending and public health outcomes especially in the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region. This paper presents an overview on health spending and public health outcomes in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries during 1995-2011.
Methods: This study conducted in 2013 use of health expenditure and public health outcome of 19 WHOs Eastern Mediterranean Region countries during 17 years (1995-2011). Data were including: Per capita health expenditure in current US dollar, Life expectancy at birth, Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births, Under-5 years Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births. Data collected from the latest World Bank published data until 2013. The Descriptive statistics were used to study by using Excel 2007.
Results: In this region, the minimum spending on health (by Pakistan) was about 60 times less than maximum spending (by Qatar). Maximum amount of infant and children mortality rate were respectively 9 and 10 times more than the minimum. Also a decreasing returns to scale of health spending seen between countries. So that countries with better public health status need to pay much more than countries with poor public health status to increase 1 year life expectancy or to save 1 infant or child from premature death.
Conclusion: There is a large inequality among countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region in both health spending and public health outcomes. Due to a decreasing return to scale, allocation financial aids to countries with poor health status can help converging health status in the region and decrease inequalities.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33234_8b2c696c156aac047dcd98845664a063.pdf
2015-11-01
137
141
10.20286/ijtmgh-030479
Health Care Costs
public health
Health Status
Healthcare Systems
Ali Mohammad
Ahmadi
1
Economic Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Assari-Arani
2
Economic Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Meskarpour-Amiri
mailer.amiri@gmail.com
3
Health Economics Department, Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Bokhari FA, Gai Y, Gottret P. Government health expenditures and health outcomes. Health Econ. 2007;16(3):257-73.
1
2. Lozano R, Wang H, Foreman KJ, Rajaratnam JK, Naghavi M, Marcus JR, et al. Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9797):1139-65.
2
3. Rasooly MH, Govindasamy P, Aqil A, Rutstein S, Arnold F, Noormal B, et al. Success in reducing maternal and child mortality in Afghanistan. Glob Public Health. 2014;9(sup1):29-42.
3
4. Tang KC, Ståhl T, Bettcher D, De Leeuw E. The Eighth Global Conference on Health Promotion: health in all policies: from rhetoric to action. Health Promot Int. 2014;29(suppl 1):11-8.
4
5. Murray CJ, Laakso T, Shibuya K, Hill K, Lopez AD. Can we achieve Millennium Development Goal 4? New analysis of country trends and forecasts of under-5 mortality to 2015. Lancet. 2007;370(9592):1040-54.
5
6. Mays GP, Smith SA. Evidence links increases in public health spending to declines in preventable deaths. Health Affairs. 2011;30(8):1585-93.
6
7. Novignon J, Olakojo SA, Nonvignon J. The effects of public and private health care expenditure on health status in sub-Saharan Africa: new evidence from panel data analysis. Health Econ Rev. 2012;2(1):1-8.
7
8. Rajkumar AS, Swaroop V. Public spending and outcomes: Does governance matter? J Dev Econ. 2008;86(1):96-111.
8
9. Joumard I, André C, Nicq C. Health care systems: efficiency and institutions. 2010.
9
10. Lavado RF, Graves CM, Haakenstad A, Bui AL, Brooks BP, Shoemaker B, et al. A systematic analysis of national health accounts from 1990 to 2010. Lancet. 2013;381:S80.
10
11. Poullier J-P. Patterns of global health expenditures: results for 191 countries. World Health Organization; 2002.
11
12. Organization WH. Regional Health Systems Observatory-EMRO. World Health Organization. 2011.
12
13. Alwan A. Addressing health challenges in the five regional priority areas: progress in one year. EMHJ. 2014;20(10).
13
14. Meskarpour-Amiri M, Mehdizadeh P, Barouni M, Dopeykar N, Ramezanian M. Assessment the trend of inequality in the distribution of intensive care beds in Iran: using GINI index. Glob J Health Scie. 2014;6(6):28-35.
14
15. Kruk ME, Freedman LP. Assessing health system performance in developing countries: a review of the literature. Health Policy. 2008;85(3):263-76.
15
16. Mays GP, McHugh MC, Shim K, Perry N, Lenaway D, Halverson PK, et al. Institutional and economic determinants of public health system performance. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(3):523-31.
16
17. Day KM, Tousignant J. Health Spending, Health Outcomes, and Per Capita Income in Canada: A Dynamic Analysis: Department of Finance, Economic and Fiscal Policy Branch; 2005.
17
18. Anyanwu JC, Erhijakpor AE. Health expenditures and health outcomes in Africa. Afr Dev Rev. 2009;21(2):400-33.
18
19. Sen K, Bonita R. Global health status: two steps forward, one step back. Lancet. 2000;356(9229):577-82.
19
20. Baschieri A. Health inequities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: selected country case studies. 2014.
20
21. Kim TK, Lane SR. Government health expenditure and public health outcomes: a comparative study among 17 countries and implications for US health care reform. Am Int J Contemp Res. 2013;3(9):8-13.
21
22. Yaqub J, Ojapinwa T, Yussuff R. Public health expenditure and health outcome in nigeria: the impact of governance. Eur Scie J. 2012;8(13).
22
23. Gani A. Health care financing and health outcomes in Pacific Island countries. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24(1):72-81.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Travel Guidance for People with Diabetes; A Narrative Review
Diabetes is a disease which occurs by lack of insulin production or its inappropriate function. Patients with diabetes who take insulin suffer from high blood sugar and face unique challenges while travelling as their schedules for insulin dosage and blood sugar regulation change. Therefore they need to organize carefully how they have to travel, instruments they should take, the actions they must accomplish and vigilances they have to regard. Patients with diabetes have to prepare a list consisting of the type and dosage of medications they should take and tools them must carry which their doctor advice. Although there are general advices for all patients with diabetes, every single one needs specific observations according to his/her physic and health level. Patients with diabetes must gather information about the destination and draw a whole image of their trip in order to take the stress out as much as possible. Meanwhile, they should take all kinds of vaccinations according to their destination at least four weeks before travelling. Special diets and physical actions have to be considered as well and patients must match the taking of insulin with the destination time and also mind the direction of traveling (north, south, west or east).
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33235_a2bbf4c24042f4900d8db8cfedaef733.pdf
2015-11-01
143
147
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304128
Diabetes
Travel
patients
Morteza
Izadi
1
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahboobeh Sadat
Hosseini
2
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Pazham
hossein_pazham@yahoo.com
3
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(Supplement 1):S62-S69.
1
Laffel, L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 1999;15(6):412-26.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2014."Atlanta, ga: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014.
3
(http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/)
4
Ugoccioni DM, Dear GD, Feinglos MN,.Blood glucose response to single and repetitive dives in insulin-requiring diabetics: a pre liminary report. Undersea Hyperbar Medicine. 1998;25(Supp l).
5
Zuckerman, Jane N. "Recent developments: travel medicine." BMJ. 2002;325(7358):260.
6
Dhatariya, K., et al. NHS Diabetes guideline for the perioperative management of the adult patient with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2012;29(4):420-33.
7
Hill David R, et al. The practice of travel medicine: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America." Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;43(12):1499-539.
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Kozarsky, Phyllis E., Jay S. Keystone. Body of knowledge for the practice of travel medicine. J Travel Med. 2002;9(2):112-5.
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Wieten, Rosanne W., TjallingLeenstra, Abraham Goorhuis, Michèle van Vugt, and Martin P. Grobusch. "Health risks of travelers with medical conditions—a retrospective analysis." Journal of travel medicine 19, no. 2 (2012): 104-110.
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Gill, G.V. and Redmond, S. (1993), Insulin Treatment, Time-zones and Air Travel: a Survey of Current Advice from British Diabetic Clinics. Diabetic Medicine, 10: 764–767. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00161.
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Driessen SO, Cobelens FGJ, Ligthelm RJ. Travel-Related Morbidity in Travelers with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Travel Med. 1999;6:12-15.
13
Dewey CM1, Riley WJ. Have diabetes, will travel. Postgrad Med. 1999;105(2):111-3.
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Chandran M, Edelman S. Have insulin, will fly: Diabetes management during air travel and time zone adjustment strategies. Clinical Diabetes. 2003;21(2):82-5.
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Bettes T, McKenas D. Medical advice for commercial air travelers. American family physician. 1999;60(3):801-8.
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Lumber T, Strainic P. Have insulin, will travel. Planning ahead will make traveling with insulin smooth sailing. Diabetes forecast. 2005;58(8):50-4.
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Bauduceau B, Mayaudon H, Ducorps M, Belmejdoub G, Thiolet C, Pellan M, et al. [Diabetes and travel]. Medecine tropicale: revue du Corps de sante colonial. 1996;57(4 Bis):446-8.
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Chełmińska K, Jaremin B. Travelling diabetics. Int Marit Health. 2002;53(1-4):67-76.
19
Brubaker, Patricia L. Adventure Travel and Type 1 Diabetes the complicating effects of high altitude. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(10):2563-72.
20
Izadi M, Fazel M, Karbasi-Afshar R, Saadat SH, Nasseri MH, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Ranjbar R, Kazemi-Saleh R. Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevents coronary arterial wall infection. ARYA Atherosclerosis. 10(3):141.
21
Izadi M, Jazayeri SB. eds. Travel medicine: a country-to-country guide. Nova Science, 2013.
22
Spira AM. Preparing the traveler. The Lancet. 2003;361(9366):1368-81.
23
Burnett JC. Long‐and Short‐Haul Travel by Air: Issues for People with Diabetes on Insulin. J Travel Med. 2006;13(5):255-60.
24
DAFNE Study Group. Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2002;325(7367):746.
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Pinsker JE, Becker E, Mahnke CB, Ching M, Larson NS, Roy D.. Extensive clinical experience: a simple guide to basal insulin adjustments for long-distance travel. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013 Dec 20;12(1):59.
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Mayfield J, Reiber G, Sanders L, Janisse D, Pogach L. Preventive foot care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:S63-4.
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American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(Supplement 1):S11-S61.
28
Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Sanders LJ, Janisse D, Pogach LM. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes care. 1998;21(12):2161.
29
Jonaidi N, Safaee Firouzabadi M, Izadi M, Safaee Firouzabadi MS, Saburi A. Can procalcitonin be an accurate diagnostic marker for the classification of diabetic foot ulcers? Int J Endocrinology Metabolism. 2014;12(1).
30
Kovats R, Shakoor Hajat S, Wilkinson P. Contrasting patterns of mortality and hospital admissions during hot weather and heat waves in Greater London, UK. Occupational Environmental Med. 2004;61(11):893-8.
31
Hajat, Shakoor, Madeline O'Connor, and Tom Kosatsky. "Health effects of hot weather: from awareness of risk factors to effective health protection." The Lancet 375.9717 (2010): 856-863.
32
Gill, G. V., O. O. Famuyiwa, M. Rolfe, and L. K. Archibald. "Serious hand sepsis and diabetes mellitus: specific tropical syndrome with western counterparts." Diabetic medicine 15, no. 10 (1998): 858-862.
33
Bauduceau B, et al. [Diabetes and travel]. Medecinetropicale: revue du Corps de sante colonial 57.4 Bis (1996): 446-448.
34
Gautret, Philippe, Georges Soula, Jean Delmont, Philippe Parola, and Philippe Brouqui. Common health hazards in French pilgrims during the Hajj of 2007: a prospective cohort study. Journal of travel medicine. 2009;16(6):377-381.
35
Sane T, Koivisto VA, Nikkanen P, Pelkonen R. Adjustment of insulin doses of diabetic patients during long distance flights. BMJ 1990;301(6749):421-22.
36
Bia FJ, Barry M. Special health considerations for travelers." The Medical clinics of North America. 1992;76(6):1295-312.
37
European Diabetes Policy Group, 1999.A desktop guide to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine. 1999;16(9):716-30.
38
Cox Daniel J, Gonder-Frederick L, Clarke W. Driving decrements in type I diabetes during moderate hypoglycemia." Diabetes 42.2 (1993): 239-243.
39
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes and driving. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(Supplement 1):S81-S6.
40
Graveling AJ, Warren RE, Frier BM. Hypoglycaemia and driving in people with insulin‐treated diabetes: adherence to recommendations for avoidance. Diabetic medicine. 2004;21(9):1014-19.
41
Millett C, Agrawal S, Sullivan R, Vaz M, Kurpad A, Bharathi A, et al. Associations between active travel to work and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study. PLoS medicine. 2013;10(6).
42
Strauss, Kaitlin, Charles MacLean, Austin Troy, and Benjamin Littenberg.Driving distance as a barrier to glycemic control in diabetes. Journal of general internal medicine. 2006;21(4):378-80.
43
Leggat P, Madeleine N. Dietary advice for airline travel. J Travel Med. 1997;4(1):14-16.
44
Jekal Y, Lee MK, Kim ES, Park JH, Lee HJ, Han SJ, et al. Effects of walking and physical activity on glucose regulation among type 2 diabetics. Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):60-7.
45
Hu FB, Sigal RJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Solomon CG, Willett WC, et al. Walking compared with vigorous physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study. JAMA. 1999;282(15):1433-9.
46
Du P, Herbert L, Robert S. Textbook of travel medicine and health. Textbook of travel medicine and health Ed. 2, 2001.
47
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48
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Traveling Guides for Patients Suffering from Thyroid Disorders; A Narrative Review
Main thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, all kinds of swellings and tumors. Generally, thyroid disorders increase the risk of obesity, heart and vessels disease, anxiety, hair dye, sexual disability and infertility clearly. Patients with these diseases have to be aware of appropriate actions for short or long land, air and sea travels in order to prevent side effects of thyroid disorder. Patients with thyroid disorders are advised to prepare a list of needed medications with help of their physician prior the travel including the dose of the medications and how to bring them, traveling schedule and proper diet planning. Additionally, it is advised to avoid allergens such as fresheners and pathogens such as microorganisms. Taking advantage of destination’s treatment insurance during international travels or special tours for specific patients could diminish the probable costs and increase the quality of treatment services.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33236_1701d2ffcd7fd2565e9164d21812b6fd.pdf
2015-11-01
149
152
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304146
Thyroid Disorder
Travel
patients
Foroughossadat
Ghafari
1
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Izadi
2
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Pazham
hossein_pazham@yahoo.com
3
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, Sawin CT, Col NF, Cobin RH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2004;291(2):228-38.
1
Bliss RD, Gauger PG, Delbridge LW. Surgeon's approach to the thyroid gland: surgical anatomy and the importance of technique. World J Surg. 2000;24(8):891-7.
2
Jonckheer M. Amiodarone and the thyroid gland. A review. Acta cardiologica. 1980;36(3):199-205.
3
Pemberton JdJ, Black B. Malignant lesions of thyroid gland: review of 774 cases. Surg Gynec Obst. 1939;69:417.
4
Baber EC. Contributions to the minute anatomy of the thyroid gland of the dog. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1876;166:557-68.
5
Ranade A, Rai R, Pai M, Nayak S, Krisnamurthy A, Narayana S. Anatomical variations of the thyroid gland: possible surgical implications. Singapore Med J. 2008;49(10):831.
6
McNabb FA. Thyroid hormones: Prentice Hall; 1992.
7
Smith JW, Evans AT, Costall B, Smythe JW. Thyroid hormones, brain function and cognition: a brief review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002;26(1):45-60.
8
Joffe R, Sokolov S. Thyroid hormones, the brain, and affective disorders. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1993;8(1-2):45-63.
9
Zhang J, Lazar MA. The mechanism of action of thyroid hormones. Annu Rev Physiol. 2000;62(1):439-66.
10
Oppenheimer J. Molecular basis of thyroid hormone action: Elsevier; 2012.
11
Weetman AP. Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(17):1236-48.
12
Abraham P, Avenell A, Park CM, Watson WA, Bevan JS. A systematic review of drug therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005;153(4):489-98.
13
Vitti P, Rago T, Chiovato L, Pallini S, Santini F, Fiore E, et al. Clinical features of patients with Graves' disease undergoing remission after antithyroid drug treatment. Thyroid. 1997;7(3):369-75.
14
Toulis KA, Anastasilakis AD, Tzellos TG, Goulis DG, Kouvelas D. Selenium supplementation in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2010;20(10):1163-73.
15
Pearce EN, Farwell AP, Braverman LE. Thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(26):2646-55.
16
Nix P, Nicolaides A, Coatesworth A. Thyroid cancer review 1: presentation and investigation of thyroid cancer. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59(11):1340-4.
17
Dal Maso L, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S. Risk factors for thyroid cancer: an epidemiological review focused on nutritional factors. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(1):75-86.
18
Stagnaro-Green A. Clinical review 152: Postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(9):4042.
19
Slatosky J, Shipton B, Wahba H. Thyroiditis: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(4):1047-52, 54.
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Humphreys S, Deyermond R, Bali I, Stevenson M, Fee J. The effect of high altitude commercial air travel on oxygen saturation. Anaesthesia. 2005;60(5):458-60.
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Gavish I, Brenner B. Air travel and the risk of thromboembolism. Intern Emerg Med. 2011;6(2):113-6.
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DeHart RL. Health issues of air travel. Annu Rev Public Health. 2003;24(1):133-51.
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Committee BTSSoC. Managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel: British Thoracic Society recommendations. Thorax. 2002;57(4):289.
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Mangili A, Gendreau MA. Transmission of infectious diseases during commercial air travel. Lancet. 2005;365(9463):989-96.
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EPA Announces New Aircraft Drinking Water Quality Data [Internet]. 2005. Available from: http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/27166bca9a9490ee852570180055e350/4cad7566ca567d3f85256f8e0053ce39!OpenDocument.
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Woodman J. Patients beyond borders: Everybody's guide to affordable, world-class medical travel: Healthy Travel Media; 2015.
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Izadi M. International travel medicine. Institute of Higher Education Science-Applied Iranian Red Crescent. 2009:289.
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Hill DR, Ericsson CD, Pearson RD, Keystone JS, Freedman DO, Kozarsky PE, et al. The practice of travel medicine: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infec Dis. 2006;43(12):1499-539.
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Uchiyama E, Aronowicz JD, Butovich IA, McCulley JP. Increased evaporative rates in laboratory testing conditions simulating airplane cabin relative humidity: an important factor for dry eye syndrome. Eye Contact Lens. 2007;33(4):174-6.
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Spengler J, Wilson D. Air quality in aircraft. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 2003;217(4):323-35.
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Shupak A, Gordon CR. Motion sickness: advances in pathogenesis, prediction, prevention, and treatment. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2006;77(12):1213-23.
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Klein AA, Djaiani G, Karski J, Carroll J, Karkouti K, McCluskey S, et al. Acupressure wristbands for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004;18(1):68-71.
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Naumann I, Hogben G. Privacy features of European eID card specifications. Network Security. 2008;2008(8):9-13.
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Cuthbertson DJ, Davidson J. What to tell patients about radioiodine therapy: Avoid close contact with other people, don't try to conceive, and take your radiation certificate when flying. BMJ. 2006;333(7562):271.
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Hueston WJ. Treatment of hypothyroidism. Am Fam Physician. 2001;64(10):1717-24.
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Bahn RS, Burch HS, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee CM, Klein IL, et al. The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves' disease in adults: report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration. Thyroid. 2009;19(7):673-4.
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Ruggieri P, Isaacs S. A Simple Guide to Thyroid Disorders: From Diagnosis to Treatment: Addicus Books; 2003.
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Vrca VB, Skreb F, Cepelak I, Romic Z, Mayer L. Supplementation with antioxidants in the treatment of Graves' disease; the effect on glutathione peroxidase activity and concentration of selenium. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;341(1):55-63.
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Farhat SC, Silva CA, Orione MAM, Campos LM, Sallum AM, Braga AL. Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a review. Autoimmun Rev. 2011;11(1):14-21.
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Leder K, Newman D. Respiratory infections during air travel. Internal medicine journal. 2005;35(1):50-5.
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Beattie S. Thyroid storm: A medical emergency. 2005.
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Sarlis NJ, Gourgiotis L. Thyroid emergencies. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic disorders. 2003;4(2):129-36.
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Chiha M, Samarasinghe S, Kabaker AS. Thyroid storm an updated review. J Intensive Care Med. 2013;30(3):131-40.
45
Belcaro G, Geroulakos G, Nicolaides AN, Myers KA, Winford M. Venous thromboembolism from air travel the LONFLIT study. Angiology. 2001;52(6):369-74.
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Kilbreath SL, Ward LC, Lane K, McNeely M, Dylke ES, Refshauge KM, et al. Effect of air travel on lymphedema risk in women with history of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(3):649-54.
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Ward L, Battersby K, Kilbreath S. Airplane travel and lymphedema: a case study. Lymphology. 2009;42(3):139-45.
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Lopez‐Velez R, Bayas JM. Spanish Travelers to High‐Risk Areas in the Tropics: Airport Survey of Travel Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Vaccination and Malaria Prevention. J Travel Med. 2007;14(5):297-305.
49
Hamer DH, Connor BA. Travel health knowledge, attitudes and practices among United States travelers. J Travel Med. 2004;11(1):23-6.
50
Duyff RL. American dietetic association complete food and nutrition guide: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 2012.
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Izadi M, Jazayeri SB. Travel medicine: a country-to-country guide: Nova Science; 2013.
52
Rose SR, Keystone J, Kozarsky PE. International travel health guide: Travel Medicine Incorporated; 2001.
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development Strategy of Health Tourism in Iran
Introduction: Iran has considerable potentials for growth of health tourism. However, they have not been properly realized towards national development.This paper has attempted to prioritize the development strategies of health tourism in Iran which has been conducted on the hospitals of Tehran. Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical research. It was carried out in 2013 and the sample size was determined through snowball non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was administered to 29 participants and the development strategies were formulated by SWOT. Results: The findings of the research showed that the weakness points of the health tourism industry override the strength points. This is while the opportunities of development are more than threats. Conclusion: One may conclude that Iran’s health tourism is in a weakness opportunity (WO) situation and needs strategies which have been specially designed for such situations. Therefore, the improvement strategies (WO) have been located in priority for the development of health tourism in Iran.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33237_7528ad973601e618baa7826cc131d51c.pdf
2015-11-01
153
158
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304143
Strategy of Development
Health tourism
SWOT
Iran
Seyed Mojtaba
Hosseini
hosseinisch@yahoo.com
1
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Maher
dralimaher@gmail.com
2
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Omidreza
Safarian
3
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Ayoubian
4
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Donya
Sheibani-Tehrani
abi_6891@yahoo.com
5
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Amini-Anabad
6
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hashemidehaghi
hashemi_mitra@yahoo.com
7
Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Izadi M, Ayoubian A, Saadat SH, Zarnaq RK, Abbasi S, Moein N, et al. Medical travel: the ethical and legal challenges. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2013;1(1):23-8.
1
Shafaghat T, Jabbari AR, Kavoosi Z, Ayoubian A, Zarchi MKR. The capabilities of Iranian hospitals in attracting medical tourists; Based on Joint Commission International: A case study of Shiraz hospitals. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;2(1):5-9.
2
Hanefeld J, Smith R, Horsfall D, Lunt N. What do we know about medical tourism? A review of the literature with discussion of its implications for the UK National Health Service as an example of a public health care system. J Travel Med. 2014;21(6):410-7.
3
Ayoubian A, Tourani S, Dehaghi ZH. Medical Tourism Attraction of Tehran Hospitals. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;1(2):95-8.
4
Izadi M, Saadat SH, Ayoubian A, Dehaghi ZH, Karbasi MR, Jalali AR. Health tourism in Iran; identifying obstacles for development of this industry. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2014;1(2):89-94.
5
Zamani-Farahani H, Henderson JC. Islamic Tourism and managing tourism development in Islamic societies: the cases of Iran and Saudi Arabia. Int J Tourism Res. 2010;12(1):79-89.
6
Sarwar AM, Manaf NA, Omar A. Medical tourist’s perception in selecting their destination: A global perspective. Iran J Public Health. 2012;41(8):1-7.
7
Masoud F, Alireza J, Mahmoud K, Zahra A. A systematic review of publications studies on medical tourism. J Educ Health Promot. 2013;2:51.
8
Rokni L, Pourahmad A, Moteiey Langroudi MH, Rezaeiy Mahmoudi M, Heidarzadeh N. Appraisal the potential of central Iran, in the context of health tourism. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(3):272-9.
9
Hajinejad A, Eslamfard F. Formulating strategies for the development of treatment tourism in Shiraz (Iran) using a strategic planning approach (SWOT). J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;12(8):641-54. Persian
10
Izadi M, Ayoobian A, Nasiri T, Joneidi, Fazel M, Hosseinpourfard MJ. Situation of health tourism in Iran; opportunity or threat. Iranian J Military Med. 2012;14(2):69-75.
11
Tabibi SJ, Nasiripour AA, Ayubian A, Mahmoodabadi HB. The Relation between Information Mechanisms and Medical Tourist Attraction in Hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Health Info Manag. 2012;9(3):416-23. Persian
12
Jabbari A, Ferdosi M, Keyvanara M, Agharahimi Z. Stakeholders' analysis of the medical tourism industry: development strategies in Isfahan. J Educ Health Promot. 2013;2:44.
13
Lautier M. International trade of health services: Global trends and local impact. Health Policy. 2014;118(1):105-13.
14
Mirfakhradini SH, Mirfakhradini F, Sadr Bafghi SM. Investigating rate of iatric tourisms’ satisfaction and prioritizing the effective factors on it via Fuzzy TOPSIS approach. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2012;20(5):668-78. Persian
15
Ranjbarian B, Khazaee Pool J, Balooyi Jam Khane H. Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of foreign tourists in Isfahan province using Fuzzy AHP. J Tourism Develop Plan. 2012;1(1):13-34.
16
Ferdosi M, Jabbari A, Keyvanara M, Agharahimi Z. Systematic Review of Publications on Medical Tourism. J Educ Health Promot. 2013;2:51.
17
Jesus JE. Ethical Challenges and Considerations of Short-Term International Medical Initiatives: An Excursion to Ghana as a Case Study. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55(1):17-22.
18
Delgoshaei Jabbari A, Farzin MR, Sharbafchizadeh N, Tabibi SJ. Current medical tourism: A Case Study of Iran. Payesh. 2012;11(2):171-9. Persian
19
Fatemeh Azadi, Mohammadreza Maleki, Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi, Mohammad Azmal. A Medical Tourist Perception of Iranian Hospital Quality: Limited Employee Foreign Lan-guage Skills Negatively Impact Communication. Int J Hosp Res. 2012;1(2):85-90.
20
Khodayari Zarnagh R, Tourani S, Ghaderi A, Salehi M, Jafari H. Assessment capabilities of hospitals of tehran university in medical tourism on the patient-centered standards of International Joint Commission. Hosp J. 2010;9(3-4):51-6. Persian
21
Khoshmohabat H, Motamedi M, Saghafinia M, Shams A. Immigration for health care in Iran: burden or blessing? Lancet. 2014;383(9922):1039.
22
Morovati Sharifabadi A, Asadian Ardakani F. A model for health tourism development using Fuzzy TOPSIS and interpretive structural modeling in Yazd province. Health Manag J. 2014;17(55):73-88.
23
Hadizade Moghadam A, Zahedian Nejad MH, Ghanbarzade Miandehi R, Fakharmanesh S. Model of the factors affecting the motivation of medical tourists to enter Iran. J Business Admin Outlook. 2013;15:59-79.
24
Ormond M. Shifting subjects of health-care: placing "medical tourism" in the context of Malaysian domestic health-care reform. Asia Pac Viewp. 2011;52(3):247-59.
25
Aref F. Barriers to community capacity building for tourism development in communities in Shiraz, Iran. J Sustain Tourism. 2011;19(3):347-59.
26
Tabibi SJ, Tourani S. Medical Tourism in Iran: Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges with MADM Approach. Res J Biol Sci. 2010;5(3):251-7
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prioritization of Factors Affecting Time Management among Health Managers
Introduction: In today's world, having principle and targeted management is one of the progress and development factors of any organization. Effective use of time for each manager is the most important base for managing current affairs and controlling daily activities. The present study aimed to investigate and analyze the relationship between factors affecting time management among the senior, middle and first-line managers of the hospitals in Kermanshah in 2015.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2015 in ten hospitals of Kermanshah. The study population consisted of all senior, middle and first-line managers of the studied hospitals (N=240) which were selected using census method. The required data were collected using a researcher-made pair-wise comparison questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the DEMATEL technique through Matlab8.1.0.604 software.
Results: The results showed that, from the studied managers’ viewpoints, the variables of goal setting and prioritization of objectives and activities were certainly affecting variables and located in the cause group. Also, the variables of planning, delegation, communication management, and meetings management were affected variables and located in the effect group. Furthermore, in the hierarchy of affecting and affected variables influencing time management, goal setting and meetings management with the coordinates (1.23, 1.23) and (1.06, -1.05) were identified as the highest and lowest priorities and were considered as the most affecting and most affected variables, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that among the studied variables influencing time management, goal setting was the highest priority and most affecting variable, and meetings management was the lowest priority and the most affected variable. It is recommended to increase the hospital managers’ knowledge about time management and the need for accurate goal setting through providing management and time management courses, and requiring them to develop a time management plan in order to improve their time management.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33238_a8bd15c1976aa7b5009924651f94f797.pdf
2015-11-01
159
164
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304142
time management
Health Managers
DEMATEL
Mohammadkarim
Bahadori
bahadorihealth@gmail.com
1
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Salesi
2
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ramin
Ravangard
3
Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mojtaba
Hosseini
hosseinisch@yahoo.com
4
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Raadabadi
5
Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Hojati Dana
6
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Ameryoun
ad_amer_heli@yahoo.com
7
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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1
2. Indreica E-S, Cazan A-M, Truta C. Effects of learning styles and time management on academic achievement. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2011;30:1096-102.
2
3. Claessens BJ, Van Eerde W, Rutte CG, Roe RA. Planning behavior and perceived control of time at work. J Organ Behav 2004;25(8):937-50.
3
4. Claessens BJ, Van Eerde W, Rutte CG, Roe RA. A review of the time management literature. Personnel Rev. 2007;36(2):255-76.
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5. Liu OL, Rijmen F, MacCann C, Roberts R. The assessment of time management in middle-school students. Personality Individual Diff. 2009;47(3):9-147.
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6. Britton BK, Tesser A. Effects of time-management practices on college grades. J EducPsychol. 1991;83(3):405.
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7. Nonis SA, Teng JK, Ford CW. A cross-cultural investigation of time management practices and job outcomes. Intl J Intercultural Relations. 2005;29(4):409-28.
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8. Eilam B, Aharon I. Students’ planning in the process of self-regulated learning. Contemp Educ Psychol. 2003;28(3):304-34.
8
9. Huy QN. Time, temporal capability, andplanned change. Acad Manage Rev. 2001;26(4):601-23.
9
10. Francis‐Smythe JA, Robertson IT. On the relationship between time management and time estimation. Br J Psychol. 1999;90(3):333-47.
10
11. Greenberg JS. Comprehensive stress management. 2002.
11
12. Davis M. Time and the nursing home assistant: Relations among time management, perceived control over time, and work-related outcomes. Academy of Management, Toronto, Canada. 2000.
12
13. Ziapour A, Khatony A, Jafari F, Kianipour N. Evaluation of time management behaviors and its related factors in the senior nurse managers, Kermanshah-Iran. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(2):366-73.
13
14. Ebrahimi H, Hosseinzadeh R, Tefreshi MZ, Hosseinzadeh S. Time management behaviors of head nurses and staff nurses employed in Tehran Social Security Hospitals, Iran in 2011. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(2):193-8.
14
15. Gran‐Moravec MB, Hughes CM. Nursing time allocation and other considerations for staffing. Nurs Health Sci. 2005;7(2):126-33.
15
16. Ojo L, Olaniyan D. Effective Time Management in Organization Panacea or Placebo. Eur J Sci Res. 2008;24(1):127-33.
16
17. Arnold E, Pulich M. Improving productivity through more effective time management. Health Care Manag. 2004;23(1):65-70.
17
18. Hasoomi T, Sarikhani N. The Relationship between Time Management and Job Burn-out among the Staffs in Islamic Azad University zone 12. J Modern Thoughts Educ. 2010;6(1):89-107. Persian
18
19. Araghieh A, Zahrakar K, Akbari M. The Relationship between Time Management and the Effectiveness of the Secondary School Managers in Bustan and Golestan. J Modern Thoughts Educ. 2012;7(2):73-82. Persian
19
20. Waterworth S. Time management strategies in nursing practice. J Adv Nurs. 2003;43(5):432-40.
20
21. Huber D. Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
21
22. Birkinshaw J, Caulkin S. How should managers spend their time?: Finding more time for realmanagement. BSR. 2012;23(4):62-5.
22
23. Braithwaite J, Westbrook MT. Time spent by health managers in two cultures on work pursuits: real time, ideal time and activities' importance.Int J Health Plan Manag. 2011;26(1):56-69.
23
24. Hashemizadeh H. The Relationship between time management behavior and stress at the head of the surgical teaching hospitals affiliated with the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Quarterly J Fundam Ment Health. 2006;29(8):51-6. Persian
24
25. Zampetakis L, Bouranta N, Moustakis V. On the relationship between individual creativity and time management. Think Skills Creat. 2010;5(1):23-32.
25
26. Kebriaei A, Sabahi BM, Saeedi A. Relationship between use of time management skills and satisfaction with spending time among students of zahedan university of medical sciences. J MedEdu Dev. 2014;6(12):79-89.
26
27. Sternberg RJ. A model of educational leadership: Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. Intl J Leadersh in Educ. 2005;8(4):347-64.
27
28. Nonis SA, Hudson GI. Academic performance of college students: Influence of time spent studying and working. J Educ Business. 2006;81(3):15.
28
29. Hafezi S, Naghibi H, Naderi E, Najafi MS, Mahmoodi H. The correlation between personal skill and organizational behavioral time management among educational administrators. J Behav Sci. 2008;2(2):183-95. Persian
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30
31. Alam Z, Mozaffari SAA, Bagheri H, Marefat D. The Relationship between Personal and Organizational Time Management Skills of Managers of P.E in Khuzestan Province. Res Sport Manag Behav. 2013;3(5):73-83. Persian
31
32. Macan TH. Time-management training: Effects on time behaviors, attitudes, and job performance. J Psycho. 1996;130(3):229-36.
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33. Marriner A. Time Managementthrough Planning. J Contin Educ Nurs. 1983;14(1):21-6.
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34. Fitsimmons G. Time management part I: goal setting as a planning tool. Bottom Line. 2008;21(2):61-3.
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35. Ghaedmohammadi M. The important factors of students' time management among Islamic Azad University. Social Res. 2010;3(6):57-73.
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36. Hashemizadeh H. Analysis of relation between time management behaviors and occupational stress of medical surgical ward's head nurses of educational hospitals depend on Shaheed-Beheshti medical university of Tehran, Iran. J Fundam Ment Health. 2012;60(5):S159.
36
37. Mohammadian A, Jahangiri S, Naghizadeh Baghi A, Pourfarzi F. A Study on Time Management Skills in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ARUMS) Managers. J Health Adm. 2006;9(24):59-66.
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41. Lewis D. 10-minute Time and Stress Management: How to Gain an'extra'Ten Hours a Week. Piatkus; 1995.
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Affecting the Preferences of Primigravida Women for Choosing a Public Hospital
Introduction: Finding the factors affecting patients’ tendency to a hospital, can improve the health system. The purpose of this study was to recognize the factors affecting primigravidas’ preferences to select a public hospital, in order to determine the correlation on these preferences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 primigravida women who had admitted for delivery or cesarean in the Kamali public hospital in Karaj were selected using random sampling in 2014. Data collected by semi-structured questionnaire were analyzed by using structural equation modeling method and Lisrel Software. Results: Among the six studied indicators (services, processes, providers, cost, advertisements, and place), the most effective factor was the type of service (regression weight 0.89), and the lowest effective factor was services’ cost (regression weight 0.64). Moreover, providers and services had the most correlation and processes and services cost had the least correlation. Conclusion: The clients’ requests must be considered to improve the quality and quantity of services and processes. Authorities should try to solve medical problems and provide medical facilities and welfare in hospitals in order to attract clients’ confidence.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33239_0117dd0f841f1c6566c85ec43545a2cb.pdf
2015-11-01
165
169
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304138
Primigravida
Preferences
Hospitals
Sedigheh
Zalzar
1
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Khalil
Alimohammadzadeh
drkhalilalimohammadzadeh@gmail.com
2
Department of Health Services Management, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Varmrghani M, Arab M, Zeraati H, Aliakbari S. Factors affecting on the choice of public and private hospitals in Tehran for treatment in 1387. Journal of Hospital. 2011;10(1):45-52.
1
2. Yıldırım HH, Hughes D, Yıldırım T. Markets, modernisation and national interest: three faces of patient choice policy in Turkey. Health Soc Care Comm. 2011;19(2):168-77.
2
3. van Empel IW, Dancet EA, Koolman XH, Nelen WL, Stolk EA, Sermeus W, et al. Physicians underestimate the importance of patient-centredness to patients: a discrete choice experiment in fertility care. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(3):584-93.
3
4. Shahraki Sanavi F, Navidian A, Rakhshani F, Ansari Moghadam AR. The study on attitudes of pregnant women with a desire to cesarean section based on the theory of behavior planning. Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. 2013.17(6):531-9.
4
5. Al-Doghaither A, Abdelrhman B, Saeed AW, Magzoub M. Factors influencing patient choice of hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J R Soc Promot Health. 2003;123(2):105-9.
5
6. Jamshidi Orak R, Haghani H, Mohaghegh B, Roostaei N. Preferences of clients Refferring to Firoozgar hospital: choice based conjoint analysis, Hakim Res J. 2012;15(3):213-220.
6
7. Robertson R, Burge P. The impact of patient choice of provider on equity: analysis of a patient survey. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2011;16(suppl 1):22-28.
7
8. Bronstein JM, Johnson VA. Patient's choice of hospital or office for Medicaid ambulatory care in Alabama. Med Care. 1996;34(4):348-60.
8
9. Lin WB. Factors affecting hospital’s adoption of a market orientation. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. 2011;8(2):66-78.
9
10. Victoor A, Delnoij DM, Friele R.D, Rademakers JJ. Determinants of patient choice of healthcare providers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):272.
10
11. Kalish RB, McCullough L, Gupta M, Thaler HT, Chervenak FA. Intrapartum elective cesarean delivery: a previously unrecognized clinical entity. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(6):1137-41.
11
12. Javadi M, Karimi S, Raiesi AR, Yaghoubi M, Shams A, Kadkhodaie M. Organizational justice and responsiveness in selected private and public hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2012;9(4):11-20
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13. Srivoravilai NT, Melewar MJ, Liu and N. Yannopoulou, Value marketing through corporate reputation: An empirical investigation of Thai hospitals. J Mark Manage. 2011;27(3-4):243-68.
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14. Azari Z. The effect of the chosen method of delivery of persuasive communication in the attitude of pregnant women referred to health centers - central areas of maternal and child health in Tehran. The School of Public Health and Health Services, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Thesis Master of Public Health, 2013.
14
15. Rademakers JJ, Nijman AE, Brabers JD, de Jong, Hendrik ,M. The relative effect of health literacy and patient activation on provider choice in the Netherlands. Health Policy. 2014;114(2):200-6.
15
16. Berendsen, A.J., G.M. de Jong, J. Schuling, H.E. Bosveld, M.W. de Waal, G.K. Mitchell, K. van der Meer, and B. Meyboom-de Jong, Patient's need for choice and information across the interface between primary and secondary care: a survey. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;79(1):100-5.
16
17. Moscone F, Tosetti E, Vittadini G. Social interaction in patients’ hospital choice: evidence from Italy. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 2012;175(2):453-72.
17
18. Baie RR, Wysocki A, Gravenstein S, Cooper E, Mor V, Clark M. A Qualitative Study of Choosing Home Health Care After Hospitalization: The Unintended Consequences of ‘Patient Choice’Requirements. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(5):634-40.
18
19. Yip WC, Wang H, Liu Y. Determinants of patient choice of medical provider: a case study in rural China. Health policy and plann. 1998;13(3):311-22.
19
20. Ameri H, Panahi M, Jafari AKh, KHalfi A, Alizadeh H, Abbaspoor R. Reasons for choosing private hospitals to treat patients in Yazd. Torbat Haidarieh University of Medical Sciences. 2013;1(3):37-43. Persian
20
21. Tavana, M., relation between services Utility with the Tendency of Patients to Public and Private Hospitals. 2012.
21
22. Orr D, Sidiki SS, McGhee CN. Factors that influence patient choice of an excimer laser treatment center. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24(3):335-40.
22
23. Lis CG, Rodeghier M, Gupta D. The relationship between perceived service quality and patient willingness to recommend at a national oncology hospital network. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(1):46.
23
24. Alrubaiee L, Alkaa'ida F. The mediating effect of patient satisfaction in the patients' perceptions of healthcare quality–patient trust relationship. IJMS. 2011;3(1):103-27.
24
25. Lux MP, Fasching P, Schrauder M, Löhberg C, Thiel F, Bani M, et al. The era of centers: the influence of establishing specialized centers on patients’ choice of hospital. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;283(3):559-68.
25
26. Gowrisankaran G, Lucarelli C, Schmidt-Dengler P, Town R. The impact of the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Program on patient choice. Int J Ind Orgn. 2011;29(3):342-4.
26
27. Birk HO, Henriksen LO. Which factors decided general practitioners’ choice of hospital on behalf of their patients in an area with free choice of public hospital? A questionnaire study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1):126.
27
28. Khayatan M, Nasiripour AA, Amini M, Mohammadnejad SM. Factors effective access to services From the perspective of employees in urban health centers of the city Rey Health Network. Payavard Salamat. 2010.4(3):18-27.
28
29. Jannati, A., E. Dadgar, M. GHolizadeh, L. Alizadeh, and M.T. KHodayari, Identifying the Main Factor to Choose Public or Private Hospital for Health Services in Hospitals of Tabriz in 2010. Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2013;12(1):133-42. Persian
29
30. Eskandari N. The Study of Factors Affecting the Choice of Hospitals (Public and Private) for Operation by Women in Tehran, case study: Arash public hospital and Madaran private hospital, 2011.
30
31. Yaghoobi M, Aghamiri Z, Karimi S, Javadi M. Factors that influence patient preference in choosing a hospital based on factors of marketing mix of services in hospitals. Hakim Res J. 2011;14(2):106-14. In Persian
31
32. Alizadeh A, Eftekhaari TE, Mousavi SH, Javidan GA, Orouji GA, Kheir SS, Mohammadi F, Dehbarez NT. Patient preferences for hospital quality in Bandar Abbas using a Discrete Choice Experiment: 2010-2011. Life Sci. 2012;9(4):1882-6. Persian
32
33. Bin SK. Factors affecting patient's choice of hospitals. Ann Saudi Med. 1997;18(5):420-4
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing Criteria for Complementary Health Insurance (CHI) Benefit Packages for a Medical Service Insurance Organization in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Introduction: Development of Complementary Health Insurance (CHI) benefit packages has always been one of the main challenges of Health Insurance Organizations in Iran. Records related to developing a health insurance package in Iran show that there is no specific criterion for developing such packages. This study aimed at developing criteria for providing CHI benefit packages presented by the Medical Service Insurance Organization in Iran.
Methods: The current research is a qualitative and applied research which has been conducted in 2014. The sample size included 24 authorities in the domain of CHI, and a semi-structured interview was used for collecting data. Data analysis was based on framework method applying Atlas-Ti 5.2 software.
Results: Nineteen main themes and 53 sub-themes and finally 20 criteria were identified for four main dimensions of the benefit package including the insured, commitments of insurance services, financial resources and Medical Service Insurance Organization special priorities.
Conclusion: In this study, various criteria were identified for developing CHI. It seems that applying important criteria such as equity, clinical guidelines, effectiveness, and efficiency of CHI benefit package presented by Medical Service Insurance Organization can decrease the shortcomings of the current system and using standardization can lead to targeting the service benefit package, removing its defects and improving the health of insured people.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33240_a8c56403548573eec772130a9146419c.pdf
2015-11-01
171
178
10.20286/ijtmgh-030485
Health Insurance
Health benefit Plans
Medical Service Insurance Organization
Iran
Nasser
Saravi
1
Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Rohollah
Zaboli
2
Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Hassanzadeh
3
Ophthalmologist, Chairman of Iran Health Insurance Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Najafipour
4
AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Aziz
Rezapour
5
Department of Health Economics, Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Rezai-Rad
6
Department of Management, IRI Police University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Tofighi
shr_tofighi@yahoo.com
7
Health Management Research Center, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Dehnavieh R, Tabibi SJ, Maleki M, Rashidian A, Noorihekmat S. Information Criteria for Basic Health Insurance Package in Iran from Health Insurance Organizations View. Health Info Manag. 2010;7(2):109-18. Persian
1
2. Williams A. Priority setting in public and private health care: a guide through the ideological jungle. J Health Econ. 1988;7(2):173-83.
2
3. Bobadilla JL. Searching for essential health services in low-and middle-income countries: a review of recent studies on health priorities Washington DC: Inter-American Development Bank; 1998. Available from: http://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/5310/Searching%20for%20Essential%20Health%20Services%20in%20Low%20and%20Middle%20Income%20Countries.pdf?sequence=1
3
4. Ham C, Coulter A. The Global Challenge of Health Care Rationing. International Experience of Rationing (or priority setting). Philadelphia: Open University Press. 2000: 1-12. Buckingham.
4
5. Segal L, Chen Y. Priority Setting Models for Health: The Role for Priority Setting and A critique of alternative models A Summary. Report to the Population Health Division (Working Paper 119). Centre for Health Program Evaluation (CHPE). 2001. English. Retrieved from http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/centres/che/pubs/wp119.pdf
5
6. Tourani S, Maleki MR., Hadian M, Amiresmaili MR. Survey on present status of health services priority setting in Iran. Payesh. 2011;10(2):217-30. Persian
6
7. Ministry of Labour and Social Affair IRoI. Health care system 2014. Persian. Available from: http://www.mcls.gov.ir/fa/news/43824
7
8. Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran. Selected Economic Indicators 2015. Persian. Retrieved from http://www.cbi.ir/simplelist/SelectedEconomicIndicators_en.aspx
8
9. Davari M, Haycox A, Walley T. The Iranian health insurance system; past experiences, present challenges and future strategies. Iran J Public Health. 2012;41(9):1-9.
9
10. Zare H. A brief introduction to complementary health insurance. Public Health Insurance Journal. 2001;19(5):20-33. Persian
10
11. Hassanzadeh A. Proceeding of 27th International Social Security Association General Assembly (ISSA). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural publisher. 2002:144-3. Persian
11
12. Oxman AD, Schünemann HJ, Fretheim A. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 2. Priority setting. Health Res Policy Syst. 2006;4(14).
12
13. Saltman RB, Figueras J. European healthcare reforms; Analysis of current strategies WHO Regional Publications,European Series. 1997;72. Summary Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/111011/sumhecareform.pdf?ua=1
13
14. Abel-Smith BFJ, Holland W, Mckee M, Mossialos E. Choices in health policy; an agenda for European union. 1st Edition. Dartmouth Publisher Company: Aldershot, 1997.
14
15. New B, King Edward's Hospital Fund for London. Rationing talk and action in health care. 1s t Edition. King's Fund and BMJ Publishing: London, 1997.
15
16. Hauck KSP, Goddard M. The Economics of Priority Setting for Health Care: A Literature Review (Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper). Washington, DC: World Bank. 2004. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13700
16
17. Kapiriri L, Norheim OF. Criteria for priority-setting in health care in Uganda: exploration of stakeholders' values. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(3):172-9.
17
18. Wellington, New Zealand: 5th International Conference on Priorities in Health Care; 2004. The role of Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQL) measurement in setting priorities in the Iranian health care system; p. 1-142.
18
19. Kapiriri L, Norheim OF, Heggenhougen K. Using the burden of disease information for health planning in developing countries: the experience from Uganda. Social Sci Medi. 2003;56(12):2433-41.
19
20. Kapiriri L, Martin DK. A strategy to improve priority setting in developing countries. Health Care Analysis. 2008;15(3):159-67.
20
21. Danesh-Dehkordi N. Health universal coverage from law perspective. Health Insurance Organization(Scientific and Cultural Publication). 2004, Tehran: Medical Service Insurance Organization. Persian
21
22. Sasannejhad AH. Complete set of rules and regulations of the NHS. Tehran: Medical Service Insurance Organization. 1996. Persian
22
23. Hossein Z. Health systems in the world. 1st Edition. Health insurance organization: Tehran, 2004. Persian
23
24. Wong H, Bitran R, Shepard D, Thompson M. Designing a benefits package: cost- effectiveness analysis in health(Prepared for the Flagship Course on Health Sector Reform and Sustainable Financing World Bank Institute). World Bank Institute (WBI). 1999; First principles. English. Retrieved from http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/122031/bangkokcd/bangkokmarch05/week1/4thursday/s2servicedelivery/designingabenefitpackage.pdf
24
25. Lai-Kow Chan, Wu ML. Quality Function Deployment in Services: A literature review. Eur J Oper Res. 2002;143(3):463-97.
25
26. Mohebifar R, Tabibi S, Asefzadeh S. Design of Disaster Management Structure Pattern for Iran. Health Manag J. 2008;11(33):47-56. Persian
26
27. Schreyögg J, Stargardt T, Velasco-Garrido M, Busse R. Defining the “Health Benefit Basket” in nine European countries. Eur J Health Econ. 2005;6(1):2-10.
27
28. Lacey A LD. Trent focus for research and development in primary health care: to qualitative analysis. Unpublished manuscript: Trent Focus, Nottingham. 2001.
28
29. Pope C ZS, Mays N. Qualitative research in health care: analysing qualitative data. British Medical Journal (BMJ). 2000;320(7227):114-6. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117368/pdf/114.pdf
29
30. Bryman A, & Burgess, R. G. Burgess RG. Analyzing Qualitative Data. Routledge, 1994.
30
31. Rosen S, Sanne I. Rationing Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV/AIDS in Africa: Choices and consequences. PLoS Med. 2005;2(11):303.
31
32. Lammintakanen J. Health care prioritization, Evolution of the Concept, Research and policy process faculty of social sciences of the university of Kuopio. Department of health policy and management. 2005. University of Kuopio, Faculty of Social Sciences, Finland, 2005.
32
33. Greß S, Niebuhr D, Rothgang H, Wasem J. Criteria and procedures for determining benefit packages in health care: A comparative perspective. Health Policy. 2005;73(1):78-91.
33
34. Leggat S. Developing a clinical priority setting framework, 1st ed Melbourne : South Australian Department of Health. Adelaide and La Trobe University, school of public health. 2004. English. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sandra_Leggat/publication/36723083_Developing_a_clinical_priority_setting_framework/links/02bfe510ee85ac6d95000000.pdf
34
35. Makundi E, Kapiriri L, Norheim OF. Combination evidence and values in priority setting: testing the balance sheet method in a low-income country. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;7(1):152.
35
36. Tourani S, Maleki MR, Hadian M, Amiresmaili MR. An interview survey on health priority setting practice in Iran. Res J Biol Sci. 2009;4(11):1193-201. Persian
36
37. Kabir MJ, SoudabehVatankhah BD, Ravaghei H, Jafari N, Heidari A, Behnampour N, et al. Determinant Criteria for Designing Health Benefit Package in Selected Countries. Life Sci J. 2013;10(3):1392-403.
37
38. Wiseman V MG, Berry G, Tang K. Involving the general public in priority setting: Experiences from Australia. Social Sci Med. 2003;56(5):1001-12.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of General Health and Life Expectancy between Students with Favorable and Unfavorable Socioeconomic Status
Introduction: The present study aims to compare general health and life expectancy between students with favorable and unfavorable socioeconomic status.
Methods: The statistical population in this study consists of all the students of Lamerd city in the second semester of the academic year of 2013-2014. The sample of this study consists of 200 male and female students. A hundred of them are in the favorable socioeconomic status and the other 100 are in the unfavorable socioeconomic status which were selected by multistage random sampling.
Results: The results of the analysis of MANOVA on the mean of life expectancyand general health scores indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups regarding the investigated variables.
Conclusion: In general, given the vulnerability of people who are in low socioeconomic status compared to the other segments of the society, more attention should be paid to this issue by the authorities.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33241_5a8103097f676a95ddffb5a9d626f7d5.pdf
2015-11-01
179
182
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304132
Socio-economic status
General health
life expectancy
Majid
Saffarinia
1
Department of Psychology, Tehran, PNU, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Amini
f.amin83@gmail.com
2
Department of Psychology, Tehran, PNU, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Garmaroudi G, Moradi A. Socio-economic status in Iran: a study of measurement index. Payesh. 2010;9(2):137-44. Persian
1
WHO. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the socialdeterminants of health. Geneva: WHO, 2008.
2
Loud C, Stansfeld S, Silva MD. Social Determinants of Mental Health. In Patel W, Minas H, Cohen A, Prince MJ. (Eds.), Global: Mental Health: Principle and Practice. Oxford University Press. 2014:116-36.
3
Dohrenwend BP, Levav I, Shrout PE, et al. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: thecausation-selection issue. Science. 1992;255(5047):946-52.
4
Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE.Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IVdisorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):617-27.
5
WHO International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. Cross-nationalcomparisons of the prevalence’s andcorrelates of mental disorders. Bull WHO. 2000;78(4):413–26.
6
Lorant V, Deliege D, Eaton W, Robert A, Philippot P, Ansseau M.Socio-economic inequalitiesin depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:98-112.
7
Bakhshi Soureshjani L. Relationship between perfectionism and depression and academic performance and the relationship between two recent variables with socio-economic status of students of Islamic Azad Universit, Behbehan Branch. Educ J Islamic Azad Univ Bojnourd Branch. 2010;19:37-60.
8
Sadock B, Sadock V. Summary of Psychiatry (Volume II): Behavioral Sciences-Clinical Psychiatry, translated by Rafie, Hassan and Sobhanian, Khosrou, Tehran, Arjmand Publications, 2008: 118. Persian
9
Chioqueta AP, Stiles TC. Personality traits and thedevelopment of depression, hopelessness, and suicideideation. Pers Individ Dif. 2005;38:1283-91.
10
Akbarian M, Rafie H, Sajjadi H, Karimlou M. Socio-economic status, religious behaviors, and life expectancy, predictor of drug use among the unemployed health. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2010;1(1):47-56. Persian
11
Hallajian Z. Relationship between life expectancy, happiness and quality of life in patients with thalassemia compared to the general population at the city of Ramsar in 2007. BA Thesis. PNU Ramsar Center, 2009. Persian
12
Taghavi, M. Validity and reliability of mental health questionnaire. J Psychol. 2002;5:381-97.
13
Johnson JG, Cohen P, Dohrenwend BP, Link BG, Brook JSA. longitudinal investigation of socialcausation and social selection processes involvedin the association between socioeconomic status and psychiatricdisorders. J Abnorm Psy. 1999;108(3):490-99.
14
Miech RA, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Wright BRE, Silva PA. Low socioeconomic status and mentaldisorders: A longitudinal study of selection and causationduring young adulthood. Am J Sociol. 1999;104(4):1096-131.
15
WHO. The World Health report—mental health: New understanding, new hope. WHO, 2001.
16
Patel V, Kleinman A. Poverty and common mentaldisorders in developing countries. Bull WHO. 2003;81(8):609-15.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Male Prisoners in Iranian Prisons
Introduction: Prison, as the most important place for the transmission of infectious diseases, has particular importance, and prison populations are at high risk for infectious diseases like Hepatitis B & C. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B & C among male inmates in six prisons of different provinces in Iran in 2012.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2120 male prisoners from six prisons of Tehran (n=408), Kermanshah (n=400), Khorasan Razavi (n=400), Kerman (n=312), Isfahan (n=300) and Fars (n=300) were examined. Blood samples were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by ELISA.
Results: The mean age of the prisoners was 37±13 years with a range of 25–59 years. In total, 73 (3.4%) prisoners were anti-HBc positive and 273 (12.9%) prisoners were anti-HCV positive. The lowest prevalence of Hepatitis B and C was observed in Kerman (respectively, 2.52% and 3.2%) and the highest prevalence was seen in Isfahan (respectively, 6.3% and 33.6%).
Conclusions: We found that the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among prisoners is considerable. Nevertheless, prisoners routinely are not evaluated and screened for these infections. It is recommended that those who are responsible should apply some policy for reducing and preventing such transmissions in prisons.
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33242_7540658acfd0b01c429a5bb8c650aa5a.pdf
2015-11-01
183
186
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304112
Prison
Prevalence
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Iran
Ramin
Alasvand
1
Deputy Director of Prisons' Organization Health Center, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Azimian
2
Officer of Viral Hepatitis Control Unit Iranian CDC, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed-Mostafa
Hosseini-Zijoud
3
Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Farideh
Asadi Dashbolagh
4
Heath Center West Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Parsa-Mahjoob
5
Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Nabavi
mahmoodnabavi53@yahoo.com
6
Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Barros LAS, Pessoni GC, Teles SA, Souza SMBd, Matos MAd, Martins RMB, et al. Epidemiology of the viral hepatitis B and C in female prisoners of Metropolitan Regional Prison Complex in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med. Trop. 2013;46 (1):24-9.
1
Harzke AJ, Baillargeon JG, Kelley MF, Diamond PM, Goodman KJ, Paar DP. HCV-related mortality among male prison inmates in Texas, 1994-2003. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(8):582-9.
2
Field MG. HIV and AIDS in the FormerSoviet Bloc. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(2):117-20.
3
Macalino GE, Vlahov D, Dickinson BP, Schwartzapfel B, Rich JD. Community incidence of hepatitis B and C among reincarcerated women. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(7):998-1002.
4
Fox RK, Currie SL, Evans J, Wright TL, Tobler L, Phelps B, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in the California state correctional system. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(2):177-86.
5
Holsen DS, Harthug S, Myrmel H. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and associationwith intravenous drug abuse and tattooing in a national prison in Norway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1993;12(9):673-6.
6
Azarkar Z, Sharifzadeh G. Evaluation of the Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV in Inmates with Drug-Related Convictions in Birjand, Iran in 2008. Hepat Mon. 2010;10(1):26-30.
7
Stark K, Herrmann U, Ehrhardt S, Bienzle U. A syringe exchange programme in prison as prevention strategy against HIV infection and hepatitis B and C in Berlin, Germany. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(4):814-9.
8
Niveau G. Prevention of infectious disease transmission in correctional settings: a review. Public Health. 2006;120(1):33-41.
9
Prison health: a threat or an opportunity? Lancet. 2005;366(9479):1.
10
Rotily M, Weilandt C, Bird SM, Kall K, Van Haastrecht HJ, Landolo E, et al. Surveillance of HIV infection and related risk behaviour in European prisons A multicentre pilot study. Eur J Public Health. 2001;11(3):243-50.
11
Saffar H, Ajami A, Saffar MJ, Shojaei J, Sotudeh-Anvari M, Shams-Esfandabad K, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus seromarkers in young adults vaccinated at birth; impact on the epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in iran. Hepat Mon. 2014;14(5):e17263.
12
Alavian S-M. Ministry of Health in Iran is serious about controlling hepatitis B. Hepat Mon. 2007;7(1):3-5.
13
Alavian SM, Hajarizadeh B, Ahmadzad-Asl M, Kabir A, Bagheri-Lankarani K. Hepatitis B Virus infection in Iran: A systematic review. Hepat Mon. 2008;8(4):281-94.
14
Ghanbarzadeh N, Nadjafi-Semnani M. A Study of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female prisoners in Birjand. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2006;13(3):9-15.
15
Javadi A, Pourahmad M, Ataei B. Relationship between duration and prevalence of hepatitis B & C and HIV in Iranian prisons. J Med Counc Iran. 2006;4(24):358-64.
16
Crofts N, Stewart T, Hearne P, Ping XY, Breshkin AM, Locarnini SA. Spread of bloodborne viruses among Australian prison entrants. BMJ. 1995;310(6975):285-8.
17
Allwright S, Bradley F, Long J, Barry J, Thornton L, Parry JV. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in Irish prisoners: results of a national cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2000;321(7253):78-82.
18
Malliori M, Sypsa V, Psichogiou M, Touloumi G, Skoutelis A, Tassopoulos N, et al. A survey of bloodborne viruses and associated risk behaviours in Greek prisons. Addict. 1998;93(2):243-51.
19
Babudieri S, Longo B, Sarmati L, Starnini G, Dori L, Suligoi B, et al. Correlates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections in a prison inmate population: results from a multicentre study in Italy. J Med Virol. 2005;76(3):311-7.
20
Alavian S-M, Adibi P, Zali M-R. Hepatitis C virus in Iran: Epidemiology of an emerging infection. Arch Iranian Med. 2005;8(2):84-90.
21
Ghavanini A, Sabri M. Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibodies among blood donors in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 1999;6(5-6):1114-6.
22
Malekzadeh R, Khatibian M, Hoori R. Hepatitis in Iran and the World, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. J Med Counc Iran. 1997;4(15):183-202.
23
Zakizadeh M, Sadeghian A. Prevalence of HCV infection and related risk factors in drug-addicted prisoners. Armaghane-Danesh. 2002;97:55-64.
24
Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sablon E, Martinez-Garcia S, Estrada-Martinez S. Hepatitis virus and HIV infections in inmates of a state correctional facility in Mexico. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(4):679-85.
25
Klusonova H, Stepanova V, Cizek J, Pliskova L. [Viral hepatitis in users of addictive drugs in the Czech Republic]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2004;53(2):47-54.
26
Dolan K, Rutter S, Wodak AD. Prison-based syringe exchange programmes: a review of international research and development. Addict. 2003;98(2):153-8
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Iran's Capabilities in Health Tourism: Mud in Lake Urmia
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33243_1dec3919535aa801389ecca03fadc2a9.pdf
2015-11-01
187
187
10.20286/ijtmgh-0304144
Maryam
Yaghoubi
1
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Ghanjal
ghanjala@yahoo.com
2
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayoubian A, Tourani S, Hashemi Dehaghi Z. Medical Tourism Attraction of Tehran Hospitals. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2013;1(2):95-8.
1
Izadi M, Saadat SH, Hashemidehaghi Z, Ayoubian A. Health tourism in Iran; Identify obstacles for development of this industry. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2013;1(2):89-4.
2
Izadi M, Ayoobian A, Nasiri T, Joneidi N, Fazel M, Hoseinpourfard M. Situation of health tourism in Iran; opportunity or threat. J Mil Med. 2015;14(2):69-75.
3
Jallad A. Environment and Curative Tourism (in Arabic, translated by the author).Alam Al Kutub, 1st edition, Cairo, Egypt, 2000.
4
Hassanzadeh E, Zarghami M, Hassanzadeh Y. Determining the Main Factors in Declining the Urmia Lake Level by Using System Dynamics Modeling. Water Resources Manag. 2011;26(1):129-45.
5
Karbassi A, Bidhendi G, Pejman A, Bidhendi M. Environmental impacts of desalination on the ecology of Lake Urmia. J Great Lakes Res. 2010;36(3):419-24.
6
Jalili S, Kirchner I, Livingstone D, Morid S. The influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation weather types on variations in the water level of Lake Urmia, Iran. International Journal of Climatology. 2011
7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Urmia
8
Meshkini A, Meshkini S. The therapeutic properties of water and mud of Lake Urmia. Iran South Med J. 2001;4(0):72.
9
Arabshahi A, Aria Far M. Medical tourism, health tourism and treatment capabilities in Iran. Quarterly of Geographical Space Tourism. 2013;3(9):133-52.
10
Gafori MR, Mortazavi R, Saberi A. Review weather and mud of Lake Urmia. J Engineering College. 1993;44(0):33-46.
11