International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
A Survey to the Implementation of Islamic Standards in the Hospitals of Iran for Attraction of Muslim Medical Tourists
99
102
EN
Morteza
Izadi
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
dr.izadi.m@gmail.com
Mohammadjavad
Hoseinpourfard
Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ali
Ayoubian
0000-0003-1341-8038
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
ayoobian@hotmail.com
Mohammadreza
Karbasi
Director General Islamic Chamber ICCIMA, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad
Jahangiri
Planning and Supervision Deputy of Medical Council Organization, I.R. IRAN, Tehran, Iran
Alireza
Jalali
Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
<strong><span>Introduction:</span></strong><span> This is a survey to the implementation of Islamic standards in the hospitals of Iran for attraction of medical Muslim tourists.</span> <strong><span>Method:</span></strong><span> This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2013 within a number of hospitals throughout Iran. The data was collected by the check lists of Islamic standards and subsequently was analyzed using SPSS software in terms of descriptive statistic measures like average and standard deviation.</span> <strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Implementation of Islamic standards in the sample hospitals throughout Iran got acceptable average of 88.25; considering the “J” and “O” hospitals with 91% implementation outdid other centers, while “D” and “M” hospitals met with the least success.</span> <strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong><span> globalization approach in medical tourism and outsourcings due to this, reforms health world, including policies and procedures. Islamic Republic of IRAN belong to the Islamic world manage a system with at least eight key functional by three Islamic axes. Accrediting organization schedule consume many time and make waiting period for licensing. It emphasize to establish to implementation Islamic Hospital Accreditation IHA by Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).</span>
Islamic Standards,Iran,Muslim Medical Tourist
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33340.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33340_334ce11f7d08c684e2d2296b3a9f8f02.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
Preparation and Designing a Checklist for Health Care Marketing Mix, with Medical Tourism Approach
103
108
EN
Mohammadkazem
Rahimi Zarchi
Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Alireza
Jabbari
Department of Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Center (HMERC), School of Management and Medical Information, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
jabbaria@mng.mui.ac.ir
Seyed Hamed
Rahimi
Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Tahereh
Shafaghat
Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
sara.shafaghat@gmail.com
Sepehr
Abbasi
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
<strong>Introduction</strong>: Increasing pressure on available funds in health care section especially hospitals, enhances the need of analyzing different strategies in economic terms. One of the solutions for the optimal use of financial resources and potentials in hospitals and health care centers is using elements of the marketing mix. In this way we could make the best use of the resources and cause a return on investment and also generate income. <br/><strong>Methods</strong>: This is a cross-sectional and qualitative study. To prepare checklists, author used previous studies in marketing by referring to relevant web sites and designed the first draft. In next step, Delphi’s technique was used for validity check; the checklist was sent to health care management specialists who had studied in medical tourist fields or those who lived in cities active in this field. <br/><strong>Results</strong>: the final checklist included 8 aspects (mixes) and 79 indexes in which Product Mix had 11 indexes, Place Mix had 3 indexes, Promotion Mix had 13 indexes, Price Mix had 9 indexes, Personnel Mix had 12 indexes, Promotion Mix had 6 indexes, Physical attraction Mix had 19 indexes and Physician Mix had 6 indexes. <br/><strong>Conclusion</strong>: this instrument could be used in various studies that could help asses' health care units state specially hospitals so that alternatives could be considered for improvable points and make maximum use of the potentials.
Checklist,Marketing,Health care,Medical tourism
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33344.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33344_2c63905f478e532eb7e3c9c5e89e299b.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
Comparative Clinical Trial of Mebendazole, Praziquantel and Metronidazole in Treatment of Human Giardiasis
109
112
EN
Reza
Imani
Department of Infectious Diseases, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Abolfazl
Khoshdel
Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
nikakhosh@gmail.com
Hossein
Yousofi Darani
Department of Parasitology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Mahmoud
Mobasheri
Department of Epidemiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
mobasheri@skums.ac.ir
<strong>Background:</strong> Giardia lamblia is a common intestinal parasite associated with social or personal problems. Giardiasis is distributed all over the world; however, the infection is more prevalent in developing countries. Metronidazole is now considered as a drug of choice for giardiasis treatment. The increasing number of reports of refractory cases as well as side effects of this drug resulted in establishment of more investigation for new compounds.
<br/><strong>Methods:</strong> In a randomized clinical trial, 90 Giardia lambilia infected cases, aged 2-30 years and each proven to be infected with Giardia lambilia by the microscopical examination of fecal sample, were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Group 1 was given metronidazole with three daily 20 mg/kg doses for 7 days. Group 2 and 3 were seperately given mebendazole and praziquantel, with single 60 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, and Parasitological cure was documented when stool examination for Giardia lambilia was negative for 3 times within 7–10 days after therapy.
<br/><strong>Results:</strong> Seventeen of 30 patients treated with praziquantel, 15 of 30 patients (50%) treated with mebendazole and 28 of 30 individuals (93%) treated with metronidazole had negative stool examination results. There was not a significant difference between cure rates of praziquantel and mebendazole (P>0.05), while this difference between these two drugs and metronidazole was significant (P<0.05).
<br/><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mebendazole and praziquantel were not as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of Giardiasis.
Giardiasis,Praziquantel,Mebendazole,Metronidazole
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33346.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33346_9335ac6520cb96003ba06c3cef75f735.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
The Factors in Development of Health Tourism in Iran
113
118
EN
Yadollah
Mahdavi
PNU International Units, Tehran, Iran
Sheida
Mardani
Department of Health Services Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
Zahra
Hashemidehaghi
Eye Research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
mitra_hashemi @yahoo.com
Nooshin
Mardani
Young Researchers Club and Elite, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Takestan, Iran
<strong>Introduction</strong>: Health tourism refers to any type of travelling seeking improvement of health condition. It can be treated like a national strategy toward increase of national income. The present study is an attempt to survey the factors in development of health tourism in Iran.
<br/><strong>Methods</strong>: The study is an analytical research and data used in the study were gleaned through library resources and academic site web. In addition consultation with experts was also added. Using snowball sampling 61 of the authorities of health tourism answered the questionnaire. Finally the results were analyzed using Friedman test.
<br/><strong>Results</strong>: The findings showed that 3 main factors in development of health tourism of Iran are health tourism branding, correlation between different sections, and centralized services.
<br/><strong>Conclusion</strong>: To have all its potentials of nurse health care realized, and to meet the goals of Iran 1404 outlook program, a comprehensive and executive planning must be adopted and other requirement to emerge as a leading country in the region regarding the industry must be provided.
Travel,Medical tourism,Health tourism,Iran
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33347.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33347_adc13644253de513678dc62c174a98b8.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
Predicting Factors of Common Bile Duct Diameter in South Khorasan; Addiction as a Public Dilemma
119
124
EN
Ghodratollah
Naseh
Surgery Department, Emam Reza Educational Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Mahyar
Mohmmadifard
0000-0001-7743-8244
Radiology Department, Emam Reza Educational Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
aminsaburi@yahoo.com
Gholamreza
Sharifzadeh
Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Seyed Ali
Javadinia
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Milad
Mirzaian
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the importance of identifying common bile duct diameter in diseases diagnoses and being different in different races, this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between the diameter of the common bile duct and demographic factors and drug addiction in patients who referred to the imaging department of Imam Reza hospital in Birjand during the year 1391-1392.
<br/><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, during the year 91-1392. The study population consisted of patients with complaints other than the complaints associated with disorders of the liver and bile duct. Information about sex, drug use, BMI, age and duct diameter in proximal, middle and distal parts were recorded by the checklist. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 11.0 and the mean values, frequency of tests, Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. And values of p <0.05 were considered significant.
<br/><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 315 subjects participated in the study. One hundred and sixty-two participants (51/4 percent) were female and the mean age of participants was 6/15±18/38. The mean diameter of the common bile duct in three proximal, middle and distal parts were determined as 4/2±1/5 mm, 4/2±6/5 mm and 4/2±9/5 mm. The results showed a significant relationship between bile duct diameter with age, gender, body mass index and addiction. (p<05/0).
<strong>Discussion: </strong>According to these results, in the case of dilated common bile duct in sonographic imaging and considering the age, gender, body mass index status and the addiction; findings need to be adapted to his clinical status.
Common bile duct,Addiction,Body mass index,age,Gender
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33352.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33352_f7a9cff6193ab7d333c8e9e823128df3.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
Contribution of Indirect Causes to Maternal Mortalities Based on a Methodological Approach to Clinical Epidemiology in Iran
125
131
EN
Mahmoud
Mobasheri
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
mobasheri@skums.ac.ir
Ali
Ahmadi
Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
aliahmadi2007@gmail.com
Babak
Eshrati
Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Mehdi
Noroozi
Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Leila
Lashkari
Social Security Organization of Shahrekord, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Level of mothers’ literacy, pregnancy history of more than four times, residence in villages, lack of receiving intensive care during pregnancy, as well as inaccessibility to obstetric emergency services have been reported, in Iran and the world, as major factors for maternal mortality. Considering significance of identifying indirect causes of maternal mortalities, the present study was aimed to determine the contribution of indirect causes to maternal mortalities in Markazi province, Iran. <br/><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, descriptive-analytical study analyzes root causes and sentinel events through describing a case of maternal mortality reported in Markazi province. The data were gathered through interviews and documents’ investigation, and Bayesian analysis and calculation of conditional probability in Netica 5.08 software were used. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> Findings on a 36-year-old mother, in the 37th week of her third pregnancy and suffering from cardiomyopathy, indicated that lack of receiving prenatal care on time, insensitivity of health and medical personnel to pursuing the patient’s timely referrings according to Ministry of Health and Medical Education guidelines, lack of coordination and monitoring on the part of team of specialists responsible for the pregnant mother’s treatment in hospital, and indifference toward appropriate management of treatment were determined as indirect causes of the mother’s death. <br/><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While cardiomyopathy was registered as direct cause of death, according to root cause analysis indirect causes had a 43% contribution to the mother’s death. Thus, planning for determination of major causes and eliminating indirect causes are very important for reducing maternal mortalities.
Maternal mortality,Root cause analysis,Indirect cause of death,Clinical Epidemiology
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33356.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33356_f7be07899e234e5ca9e4efa66c76703f.pdf
International Travel Medicine Center of Iran
International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health
2322-1100
2476-5759
1
3
2013
11
01
Interaction of Economic Indicators and Medical Tourism Industry
133
139
EN
Zahra
Pourkhaghan
Shahid Ashrafi Isfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
z_po933@yahoo.com
Sahand
Ebrahimi Pour Faez
Mazandaran University, Sari, Iran
Shima
Pourkhaghan
Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
Soheil
Ghahrieh
Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
Medical tourism is one of the subdirectories of tourism in order to receive health care in other countries. It has become a major industry in the global arena. According to the great potential of this industry in Iran, is essential to paying more attention to this branch of tourism, economic effect and also the effect of economic indicators on tourism industry. Therefore, this paper examines the interaction of economic indicators and medical tourism using descriptive and qualitative content analysis.
The results show that medical tourism is helping the sustainable development and economy dynamism through exchange gaining, creating jobs and etc. This type of tourism is more profitable than the other subdirectories of tourism and considers the sustainable development of tourism destinations in a more appropriate manner.
Also growth rate of this branch of tourism is more than the other sub-categories of tourism, which due to the large impact on job creation, Making Foreign Currency and sustainable tourism development required that the government and private sectors accurately and consistently work on investment development and appropriate infrastructure in this sector centering primary medical services.
Medical tourism,Economic indicators,Making foreign currency,Health care
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33357.html
https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_33357_3c98fea74128f5a7783ca043148353b2.pdf