Ethical Considerations of Medical Tourism: A Review Based on the Four Principles of Medical Ethics: A Narrative Review Article

Mashayekhi, Jannat; Farzanehpour, Mahdieh

doi:10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.485724.1467

Ethical Considerations of Medical Tourism: A Review Based on the Four Principles of Medical Ethics: A Narrative Review Article

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Jannat Mashayekhi ¹

Mahdieh Farzanehpour ²

¹ Spiritual Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.485724.1467

Abstract

Abstract:
Introduction: Medical tourism has grown significantly in recent years, attracting substantial government investment due to its potential economic benefits. However, this emphasis on financial gains risks overshadowing critical ethical issues.
Method: This manuscript presents a narrative review of the literature. Articles in English related to ethical issues in medical tourism were selected. Although the search for sources was not limited by date, older sources deemed less relevant were excluded.
Findings:
Medical tourism can seriously challenge patient autonomy and decision-making, potentially undermining informed consent. In certain instances, it may jeopardize patients’ interests and expose them to harm. Without careful policymaking, health equity may be compromised. Ethical review of medical tourism regulations should be a priority for health systems, ensuring that benefits from the tourism industry do not diminish its importance.
Conclusion:
Healthcare professionals and policymakers should be well-versed in the ethical concerns associated with medical tourism, not solely focused on its development. Comprehensive ethical audits of strategies should be conducted as part of planning for the industry’s expansion. This article examines the ethical dimensions of medical tourism through the lens of the four principles of medical ethics.

Keywords

Ethical Considerations

Medical Tourism

Medical Travel

Justice in Health

Respect for Patient Autonomy