Jacobs RF, Schutze GE. The camper’s uninvited guests. In: Schlossberg DL, ed. Infections of Leisure. 3rd ed. Washington DC: ASM Press; 2004:119-135.
Natarajan P, Miller A. Recreational infections. In: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, eds. Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2017:643-646.
Bratton RL, Corey R. Tick-borne disease. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:2323-2330.
Bente DA, Forrester NL, Watts DM, McAuley AJ, Whitehouse CA, Bray M. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity. Antiviral Res. 2013;100:159-189. doi:
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.006.
Beard CB, Eisen RJ, Barker CM, et al. Vectorborne Diseases. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Washington: U.S. Global Change Research Program; 2016. doi:
10.7930/J0765C7V.
Shchuchinova LD, Kozlova IV, Zlobin VI. Influence of altitude on tick-borne encephalitis infection risk in the natural foci of the Altai Republic, Southern Siberia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2015;6:322-329. doi:
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.005.
Broman T, Thelaus J, Andersson AC, et al. Molecular detection of persistent Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica in natural waters. Int J Microbiol 2011;2011. doi:
10.1155/2011/851946.
Lai XH, Zhao LF, Chen XM, Ren Y. Rapid identification and characterization of francisella by molecular biology and other techniques. Open Microbiol J. 2016;10:64-77. doi:
10.2174/1874285801610010064.
Guthrie AL, Gailbreath KL, Cienava EA, Bradway DS, Munoz Gutierrez JF. Septic tularemia in 2 cottontop tamarins (Sanguinus oedipus). Comp Med. 2012;62:225-228.
Kingry LC, Petersen JM. Comparative review of Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014;4:35. doi:
10.3389/fcimb.2014.00035.
Mitchell JL, Chatwell N, Christensen D, et al. Development of realtime PCR assays for the specific detection of Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis, holarctica and mediaasiatica. Mol Cell Probes. 2010;24:72-76. doi:
10.1016/j.mcp.2009.10.004.
Ulu-Kilic A, Doganay M. An overview: tularemia and travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014;12:609-616. doi:
10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.10.007.
Balci E, Borlu A, Kilic AU, Demiraslan H, Oksuzkaya A, Doganay M. Tularemia outbreaks in Kayseri, Turkey: an evaluation of the effect of climate change and climate variability on tularemia outbreaks. J Infect Public Health. 2014;7:125-132. doi:
10.1016/j.jiph.2013.09.002.
Hodzic E. Lyme Borreliosis: is there a preexisting (natural) variation in antimicrobial susceptibility among Borrelia burgdorferi strains? Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2015;15:1-13. doi:
10.17305/bjbms.2015.594.
Hou J, Ling F, Chai C, et al. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from eastern China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;92:262-266. doi:
10.4269/ajtmh.14-0587.
Skotarczak B. Why are there several species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato detected in dogs and humans? Infect Genet Evol. 2014;23:182-188. doi:
10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.014.
Szekeres S, Coipan EC, Rigo K, et al. Eco-epidemiology of Borrelia miyamotoi and Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in Hungary. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:309. doi:
10.1186/s13071-015-0922-2.
Aucott JN, Luft BJ. Lyme disease. In: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, eds. Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2017:405-414.
Ogden NH, Feil EJ, Leighton PA, et al. Evolutionary aspects of emerging Lyme disease in Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015;81:7350-7359. doi:
10.1128/AEM.01671-15.
Iyer R, Schwartz I. Microarray-based comparative genomic and transcriptome analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi. Microarrays (Basel). 2016;5(2):9. doi:
10.3390/microarrays5020009.
Fang LQ, Liu K, Li XL, et al. Emerging tick-borne infections in mainland China: an increasing public health threat. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:1467-1479. doi:
10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00177-2.
Ismail N, Bloch KC, McBride JW. Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Clin Lab Med. 2010;30:261-292. doi:
10.1016/j.cll.2009.10.004.
Thomas RJ, Dumler JS, Carlyon JA. Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2009;7:709-722. doi:
10.1586/eri.09.44.
Yabsley MJ. Natural history of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: vertebrate hosts and tick vectors from the United States and evidence for endemic transmission in other countries. Vet Parasitol. 2010;167:136-148. doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.015.
Paddock CD, Childs JE. Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a prototypical emerging pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16:37-64.
Raoult D. Introduction to rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis. In: Bennett JE DR, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Updated Edition. 8th ed. Saunders; 2015:2194-2197.
Biggs HM, Behravesh CB, Bradley KK, et al. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis - United States. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65:1-44. doi:
10.15585/mmwr.rr6502a1.
Drexler NA, Dahlgren FS, Heitman KN, Massung RF, Paddock CD, Behravesh CB. National surveillance of spotted fever group rickettsioses in the United States, 2008-2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94:26-34. doi:
10.4269/ajtmh.15-0472.
Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, et al. Update on tickborne rickettsioses around the world:a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:657-702. doi:
10.1128/CMR.00032-13.
Faccini-Martinez AA, Garcia-Alvarez L, Hidalgo M, Oteo JA. Syndromic classification of rickettsioses:an approach for clinical practice. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;28:126-139. doi:
10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.025.
Brouqui P, Bacellar F, Baranton G, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis of tick-borne bacterial diseases in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10:1108-1132. doi:
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01019.x.
Botelho-Nevers E, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P. Treatment of Rickettsia spp. infections:a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012;10:1425-1437. doi:
10.1586/eri.12.139.
Petersen LR, Ksiazek TG. Zoonotic viruses. In: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, eds. Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2017:1493-1508.
Lani R, Moghaddam E, Haghani A, Chang LY, AbuBakar S, Zandi K. Tick-borne viruses: a review from the perspective of therapeutic approaches. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014;5:457-465. doi:
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.04.001.
Jaenson TG, Hjertqvist M, Bergstrom T, Lundkvist A. Why is tickborne encephalitis increasing? A review of the key factors causing the increasing incidence of human TBE in Sweden. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:184. doi:
10.1186/1756-3305-5-184.
Leblebicioglu H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. MA: Waltham; 2016. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/crimeancongo-hemorrhagic-fever. Accessed June 16, 2016
Soares-Weiser K, Thomas S, Thomson G, Garner P. Ribavirin for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever:systematic review and metaanalysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:207. doi:
10.1186/1471-2334-10-207.
Gunduz A, Turkmen S, Turedi S, Nuhoglu I, Topbas M. Tick attachment sites. Wilderness Environ Med. 2008;19:4-6. doi:
10.1580/06-WEME-BR-067.1.
Yilmaz GR, Buzgan T, Irmak H, et al. The epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002-2007. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:380-386. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.07.021S1201-9712(08)01496-3.
Kalin G, Metan G, Demiraslan H, Doganay M. Do we really need ribavirin in the treatment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic Fever? J Chemother. 2014;26:146-149. doi:10.1179/1973947813Y.0000000123joc281.
Gozel MG, Bakir M, Oztop AY, Engin A, Dokmetas I, Elaldi N. Investigation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus transmission from patients to relatives:a prospective contact tracing study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90:160-162. doi:
10.4269/ajtmh.13-0306.
Papa A, Dalla V, Papadimitriou E, Kartalis GN, Antoniadis A. Emergence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Greece. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16:843-847. doi:
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02996.x.
Mertens M, Schmidt K, Ozkul A, Groschup MH. The impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus on public health. Antiviral Res. 2013;98:248-260. doi:
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.007.
Leblebicioglu H, Sunbul M, Guner R, et al. Healthcare-associated Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Turkey, 2002-2014: a multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22:387. doi:
10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.024.
Conger NG, Paolino KM, Osborn EC, et al. Health care response to CCHF in US soldier and nosocomial transmission to health care providers, Germany, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:23-31. doi:
10.3201/eid2101.141413.
Bodur H, Akinci E, Ascioglu S, Onguru P, Uyar Y. Subclinical infections with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:640-642. doi:
10.3201/eid1804.111374.
Dokuzoguz B, Celikbas AK, Gok SE, Baykam N, Eroglu MN, Ergonul O. Severity scoring index for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and the impact of ribavirin and corticosteroids on fatality. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:1270-1274. doi:
10.1093/cid/cit527.
Bakir M, Engin A, Kuskucu MA, Bakir S, Gundag O, Midilli K. Relationship of plasma cell-free DNA level with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol. 2016;88:1152-1158. doi:
10.1002/jmv.24446.
Uyar Y, Carhan A, Albayrak N, Altas AB. [Evaluation of PCR and ELISA-IgM results in the laboratory diagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases in 2008 in Turkey]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2010;44:57-64.
Atkinson B, Chamberlain J, Logue CH, et al. Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:786-793. doi:
10.1089/vbz.2011.0770.
Gozel MG, Dokmetas I, Oztop AY, Engin A, Elaldi N, Bakir M. Recommended precaution procedures protect healthcare workers from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17:e1046-e1050. doi:
10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.005.
Kellogg DS, Rosenbaum PF, Kiska DL, Riddell SW, Welch TR, Shaw J. High fecal hand contamination among wilderness hikers. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40:893-895. doi:
10.1016/j.ajic.2011.11.009.
Mason RC, Suner S, Williams KA. An analysis of hiker preparedness: a survey of hiker habits in New Hampshire. Wilderness Environ Med. 2013;24:221-227. doi:
10.1016/j.wem.2013.02.002.
Reed BC, Rasnake MS. An assessment of coliform bacteria in water sources near appalachian trail shelters Within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016;27:107-110. doi:
10.1016/j.wem.2015.09.019.