International Travel Medicine Center of Iran International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 2322-1100 8 4 2020 11 01 Human Ocular Onchocerca lupi Infection Diagnosed in Norway 170 173 119359 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.29 EN Tiril Sandell Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Department of Ophtalmology, Drammen Sykehus, Vestre Viken HF, Drammen, Norway Anne Regine Skogen Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Tore Lier Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway Regional Advisory Unit for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Frank Olav Pettersen Regional Advisory Unit for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Journal Article 2020 05 31 <strong>Introduction: </strong>Zoonotic <em>Onchocerca lupi </em>infection is a rare but emerging zoonotic disease affecting the eye, subcutaneous tissue and subdural cervical spine. Endemic areas of <em>O. lupi </em>are East and Central Europe, Turkey, Iran and the Northwest of the USA. Thirteen confirmed cases have been published in the world literature.<br /> <strong>Case Presentation: </strong>We present a case of subconjunctival <em>O. lupi </em>infection in the left eye of a Norwegian male. The infection was most likely imported from Turkey. The diagnosis was verified by direct microscopy and molecular analyses with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent sequencing. The worm did not contain microfilaria and was surgically removed. The patient was treated with tapering doses of topical steroids. At 6 months follow-up, he was asymptomatic.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing numbers of <em>O. lupi </em>infections are reported and it is not clear whether the increasing number of infections is true or due to availability of novel diagnostic tools that correctly identify the cases. Humans cannot eliminate their exposure to vector-borne zoonotic diseases and increasing globalization increases the risk of infection. Both physicians and laboratory staff should be aware of the existence of zoonotic onchocerciasis in their countries. https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_119359_a16bd5312ee6827435cee0fc6d7164b3.pdf