International Travel Medicine Center of Iran International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 2322-1100 13 1 2025 03 01 Macrophages type 2 as candidates for the treatment of lung injuries 222232 10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.527814.1490 EN Alireza Shahriary Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Eslami Mahmoudabadi Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Nikkhah Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 18 Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic chemical warfare agent that causes severe and persistent pulmonary damage, for which no specific treatment exists. Emerging evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert anti-inflammatory effects through paracrine signaling. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of monocytes treated with MSC-derived supernatant in a murine model of SM-induced lung inflammation using CEES as a surrogate. Monocytes treated with MSC supernatant showed significant immunomodulatory effects, including reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12), increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β), and decreased oxidative stress markers (NO, MPO). Histopathological analysis revealed reduced inflammation, mucus accumulation, and tissue remodeling in treated animals. These findings suggest that MSC supernatant-treated monocytes may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for chemical-induced lung injury, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms and efficacy in more complex models. https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_222232_4750a0f966079c410a027e4a15aa4512.pdf