International Travel Medicine Center of Iran International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 2322-1100 14 1 2026 03 01 Understanding HIV-Free Survival: A Qualitative Analysis of FactorsImpacting Exposed Infants in Homa Bay County, Kenya 69 82 238174 10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.513005.1470 EN Augustine Gatimu Njuguna Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology Simon Muturi Karanja Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology Peter Wanzala Wanzala Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Journal Article 2025 03 17 Abstract Background: PMTCT programs reduce HIV transmission from mothers to children, but uptake is limited in high-prevalence areas like Homa Bay County, Kenya. PMTCT integration into mother and child health services has socio-economic, cultural, and logistical obstacles. Objective: To explore the barriers and enablers influencing the uptake and adherence to PMTCT services among HIV-positive mothers in Homa Bay County. Methods: This qualitative study included 13 healthcare provider KIIs and eight HIV-positive mother FGDs in seven sub-counties of Homa-Bay County. Data was analyzed thematically through the Gioia approach, which identified first-order concepts, second-order themes, and aggregate dimensions from data. Results: The participants reported several key obstacles, such as cultural norms, information gaps, economic constraints, transportation issues, stigma, and referral system inefficiencies. Male participation, efficient service delivery techniques, community awareness-raising, and peer support were noted as vital facilitators. Participants emphasized the value of dietary support, emotional support, and structured health education in enhancing PMTCT adherence. Conclusion: Overcoming PMTCT barriers requires community action, male engagement, better healthcare, and policy support to improve maternal and child health.

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