International Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Vaccines, Immune Memory, and Travel: Rethinking Prevention in a Globalized World23744010.30491/ijtmgh.2025.237440ENJournal Article19700101https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_237440_c09d683c95f5371618010d0e3791fafd.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201A Comprehensive Review of Statins' Dual Role in Alzheimer's Disease25326322490910.30491/ijtmgh.2025.522895.1479ENSeyed MohammadAfarinStudent research committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranGholamrezaPoorheidariDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdiMashhadi Akbar BoojarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2002-9332Journal Article20250511Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia, affects millions. Statins, used for cholesterol lowering, may have a dual role in AD development and treatment, potentially offering neuroprotection but with unclear clinical outcomes and heterogeneous data. This review assesses statins' role, cognitive effects, therapeutic uses, and limitations in AD.<br>Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (1995–2024) using MeSH keywords) Alzheimer's Disease, Cognition disorders, Dementia, Memory impairment, Neurodegenerative diseases, Statins( identified 268 articles, refined to 98 based on relevance and quality. Studies included primary and secondary research on statins’ cognitive effects.<br>Results: Evidence on statins’ cognitive impact in AD is mixed. Some studies suggest benefits through reduced beta-amyloid (Aβ) production and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in ApoE4 carriers or early-stage AD, while others report reversible cognitive impairment, especially with lipophilic statins. Observational studies show conflicting results compared to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with limitations in study design and dosage variability. Statins therapy is recommended for AD patients with metabolic disorders.<br>Conclusion: Statins’ cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties offer potential neuroprotection, but their impact on AD pathology remains unclear due to heterogeneous data and unexamined dose-response relationships. Long-term RCTs with stratified patient groups (e.g., by statin type, disease stage, or ethnicity) are needed to clarify efficacy and risks.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_224909_78704f5b46f9a623baf6d66856564cdf.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201A Contemporary Review of Prebiotics in Colorectal Cancer26927522712410.30491/ijtmgh.2025.528765.1494ENMohammadMehdipourDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0005-4794-2040ZohrehMohsenzadehDepartment of Cell and Molecular biology Islamic Azad university Ayatollah Amol branch , Amol , Iran0009-0004-4552-0349KosarTorkDepartment of Microbiology Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0008-0230-2252MohammadrezaShabanpourDepartment of Microbiology, Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0008-7759-0164MasoumehRanjbarDepartment of Biotechnology, Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, IranSepidehMokabberiDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0003-6068-9110Journal Article20250606Introdoction:The concept of prebiotics was first introduced by Glenn Gibson and Marcel Roberfreud in June 1995. prebiotics include non-digestible food substances that help improve the health of the host by stimulating the growth and activity of specific bacteria in the large intestine. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, necessitating innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. This contemporary review examines the role of prebiotics in CRC management, focusing on their potential to modulate gut microbiota, enhance immune responses, and reduce inflammation. Prebiotics, dietary fibers that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, may play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and preventing tumorigenesis.<br><br>Methods: We analyze recent studies that highlight the mechanisms by which prebiotics exert their effects, including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their impact on cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, we explore the synergistic potential of prebiotics when combined with conventional therapies, assessing their role in improving treatment outcomes and mitigating side effects. <br><br>Results: This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current evidence regarding prebiotics in the context of colorectal cancer, emphasizing their potential as a complementary approach in CRC prevention and therapy. <br><br>Conclusion: Future research directions are suggested to further elucidate the clinical applications of prebiotics in CRC management.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_227124_d69f8fe1586a0735bfbb994f5009f887.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Ethical Considerations of Medical Tourism: A Review Based on the Four Principles of Medical Ethics: A Narrative Review Article24825223041410.30491/ijtmgh.2025.485724.1467ENJannatMashayekhiSpiritual Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahdiehFarzanehpourApplied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8562-2295Journal Article20250318Abstract:<br>Introduction: Medical tourism has grown significantly in recent years, attracting substantial government investment due to its potential economic benefits. However, this emphasis on financial gains risks overshadowing critical ethical issues.<br>Method: This manuscript presents a narrative review of the literature. Articles in English related to ethical issues in medical tourism were selected. Although the search for sources was not limited by date, older sources deemed less relevant were excluded.<br>Findings: <br>Medical tourism can seriously challenge patient autonomy and decision-making, potentially undermining informed consent. In certain instances, it may jeopardize patients’ interests and expose them to harm. Without careful policymaking, health equity may be compromised. Ethical review of medical tourism regulations should be a priority for health systems, ensuring that benefits from the tourism industry do not diminish its importance.<br>Conclusion: <br>Healthcare professionals and policymakers should be well-versed in the ethical concerns associated with medical tourism, not solely focused on its development. Comprehensive ethical audits of strategies should be conducted as part of planning for the industry’s expansion. This article examines the ethical dimensions of medical tourism through the lens of the four principles of medical ethics.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230414_db4bd388973c532f65bb8e57f9499f62.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201A female with 46, X,i(Y)(q10)(Case Report)26426823041510.30491/ijtmgh.2025.522584.1480ENFarnooshNaseriMedical Genetic Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRezaShirkoohiCancer Biology Research center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex – Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SetarehAkhavanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vali-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFaridehFarzanfarMedical Genetic Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasomehMasomiVali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AbbasShakoori FarahaniChairman of Medical Genetic Ward, IKHC Hospital Complex, Tehran University, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250514Introduction<br>Differences in sex development (DSD) is a group of rare conditions involving genes, hormones and reproductive organs, including genitals. The presence of an isochromosome Y, specifically 46, X,i(Y)(q10), is a rare chromosomal abnormality . This case report aims to detail the clinical presentation, genetic analysis, and management of a female patient with the 46, X,i(Y)(q10) karyotype.<br>Case Report<br>A 16-years-old girl with developmental disorders in childhood and suspected Turner syndrome was referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.<br>Results<br>The results of the karyotype was as follows: 46,X,i(Y)(q10). The results of FISH test is XY but this test unable to show isochromosomes.<br>Discussion<br>The karyotype 46,X,i(Y)(q10) indicates the presence of a structurally abnormal Y chromosome in a female, which is a rare occurrence. Females with 46,X,i(Y)(q10) may present with a range of phenotypes, from typical female characteristics to those resembling Turner syndrome, depending on the extent of Y chromosome material.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230415_7392819b0ea9d09a3f12d3a9667ddabe.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Path Towards Enhanced Resilience and Reduced Rumination in Depressed Individuals22022723041110.30491/ijtmgh.2025.494356.1447ENNasrinBaviDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranZahraDasht BozorgiDepartment of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0003-1972-989XJournal Article20241216Introduction: Depression negatively impacts quality of life and involves cognitive avoidance, reduced resilience, and rumination. This study evaluates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a potential effective intervention to address these cognitive and emotional patterns in individuals with depression.<br>Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design with 40 female patients diagnosed with depression recruited from counseling centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Participants were assigned to either an experimental group, which received eight weekly 90-minute sessions of ACT, or a control group that received no intervention. The ACT intervention focused on acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification, and committed action. Outcome measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with SPSS version 25.<br>Results: Results of the study demonstrated that ACT significantly decreased cognitive avoidance and rumination, while simultaneously increasing resilience and self-differentiation in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001).<br>Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ACT in addressing cognitive and emotional patterns associated with depression, including cognitive avoidance, diminished resilience, and rumination. By providing strategies for managing negative thoughts and behaviors, ACT shows promise as a beneficial intervention for improving the mental health and well-being of women with depression. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, indicating that ACT can be a valuable tool for clinicians seeking to address the core symptoms and underlying processes of depression in women.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230411_9207a6641ac78742e9e4a9d4ac6c49dd.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Evaluation of crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio, frequency and types of acute reactions in the blood bank23624123041310.30491/ijtmgh.2025.495717.1450ENHamidrezaGhadimipourAssociated professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamedan university of medical sciences, Hamedan, Iran.ElnazTarigholeslamiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan university of medical sciences, Isfahan, IranAzarPirdehghanAssociate Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Center for Health Sciences, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, IranElaheMardaniDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan university of medical sciences, Hamedan, Iran.Journal Article20241224Introduction: This study aimed to determine crossmatch-to-transfusion (C/T) ratio and the frequency of acute reactions to transfusion in the blood bank of Shahid Beheshti Hosptial, Hamedan.<br><br>Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on all transfusions in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamedan, from March 20, 2022 to March 21, 2023. The data source was the previously filled transfusion forms. C/T ratio was calculated by dividing the number of crossmatched units to the number of transfused units. Also, the incidence of fever, chills, pruritus and redness of the skin, skin rash, back pain, hypotension, dyspnea, chest pain, hematuria, and cold sweat during or after transfusion were evaluated. Gender, blood group, and Rh of the blood recepients were also noted.<br><br>Results:<br><br>Out of 3,630 blood requests, 59.1% were from males and 91.3% Rh-positive. Blood groups were 33.9% A, 21.9% B, 6.9% AB, and 37.7% O. A total of 6,906 units were crossmatched, with 6,611 transfused and 295 unused—mainly from urology, emergency, and other wards. The overall C/T ratio was 1.04, with the highest in Shahrivar (1.21) and lowest in Khordad (1). Common transfusion reactions included chills (0.3%), fever, and dyspnea (0.19%), with no cases of back pain, chest pain, or cold sweat.<br><br>Conclusion: It can be conferred that the status of blood usage was good compared to the global standards and there were minimal acute reactions to transfusion. These results could influence transfusion practices or patient safety measures in the hospitals or similar settings.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230413_653c52cf045a34000d9b29ef37675384.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Effectiveness of Cognitive Hope Training on Increasing Engagement and Academic Responsibility of Medical Science Students with a Positive Attitude Towards Cheating22823523058610.30491/ijtmgh.2025.494896.1449ENAliGotvandiMaster of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran0009-0000-5628-3378SaeedMoshtaghiDepartment of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran0000-0002-7953-3314EhsanMokari-MenshadiPhD student of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.Journal Article20241219Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive hope training on engagement and academic responsibility among medical science students who have a positive attitude towards cheating. <br>Methods: The research method was semi-experimental, using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three -month follow-up. The statistical population included all students in Dezful University of Medical Sciences with a positive attitude towards cheating during the 2023-2024 academic year. A sample of 30 students was selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 (experimental and control). The Academic Engagement Scale (AES, Riu & Tising, 2011) and the Academic Responsibility Scale (ARS, Akbari, Capri, & Gündüz, 2013) were used, along with an 8-session (two 60-minute sessions each week) cognitive hope training protocol based on Snyder's theory (1991). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. <br>Results: The results indicated significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for academic engagement and between pre-test and follow-up scores (p < 0.01). Similarly, significant differences were found for academic responsibility (p < 0.01), demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention. <br>Conclusions: Therefore, cognitive hope training can significantly enhance academic engagement and responsibility among students with a positive attitude towards cheating.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230586_ee8d532ef1dcb23c2b3367aed9583895.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Comparative study on the effect of education and patient awareness before open heart surgery on delirium rates after surgery24224723058710.30491/ijtmgh.2025.497925.1451ENSeyed MohammadrezaAmouzegar ZavarehArthrosclerosis research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad SadeghPour AbbasiAssistant professor of Cardiovascular Surgery Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, IranSeyed AlirezaAmouzegar ZavarehKashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.MasoudLatifi-PourAssistant professor of Cardiovascular Surgery Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, IranJournal Article20250104Introduction<br>Delirium following heart surgery can lead to adverse effects. This study examined the effectiveness of educating patients and raising their awareness before open-heart surgery to reduce the incidence of delirium afterward.<br>Method<br>This prospective study was conducted with patients undergoing open heart surgery at Ayatollah Beheshti Hospital in Kashan and Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran. The data collection included demographic information and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In the intervention group, the researcher provided patients with a pre-prepared educational video the night before surgery, which covered information about their condition, treatment methods, and what to expect until discharge. The MMSE test was administered to the patients before surgery and again at 18 to 24 hours and 24 to 48 hours after surgery. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.<br>Results<br>In a study of 67 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, 18 patients (26.8%) developed delirium afterward. Among these, 13 patients were in the control group (23.38%), while five were in the intervention group (15.15%). The data analysis revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups (P=0.004).<br>Conclusion<br>While education decreased the occurrence of delirium after cardiac surgery in the intervention group, factors like increasing age and higher education levels also contributed to a reduced incidence of delirium.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230587_e47a17973a71bce96935d04545896cfa.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Travel Medicine Among Healthcare Practitioners In Nigeria: a Cross-sectional Study28829723041210.30491/ijtmgh.2025.494586.1448ENOluwasayo AdewumiOlatundeDalhousie University, Family Medicine, Halifax, Canada and University of British Columbia, Family Medicine, Vancouver, Canada.0000-0002-3030-2996NkechiIlodibiaNigerian Society of Travel Medicine, Lagos State, NigeriaOlusegunAlawodeUniversity College Hospital, Family Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo State, NigeriaAdegboyega OlalekanAlaoLagoon Hospitals, Lagos State, Nigeria.AyokunleKajeroUniversity of Lagos, College of Medicine, Lagos State, NigeriaOyindamolaBakareSociety for Good Health, Sustainable Development and Environmental Awareness, Ibadan, Oyo State, NigeriaOluwaremilekun TemitopeOliyideSociety for Good Health, Sustainable Development and Environmental Awareness, Ibadan, Oyo State, NigeriaBabalola AdeniyiIbisolaTriverge Geriatrics Centre, Triverge Healthcare Ltd. Lagos State, NigeriaBenedict TemiipeAyoolaSociety for Good Health, Sustainable Development and Environmental Awareness, Ibadan, Oyo State, NigeriaJournal Article20241218Introduction<br>Travel medicine in Nigeria is underdeveloped. The environmental, economic, and social conditions vary from country to country. This implies that healthcare practitioners must have vast knowledge of the field as misinformation can result in travel-related illness, psychological distress, and even death. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical practitioners regarding travel medicine in Nigeria.<br>Methods<br>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 296 medical practitioners across Nigeria using a semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS v26.<br>Results <br>The study revealed that 50% of the respondents had good knowledge of travel medicine, with 85.5% showing positive attitudes. However, the proportion of medical doctors who demonstrated high-quality practice was low (7.1%). Key predictors of knowledge include attitude (B = 10.515, p < 0.0001) practice (B = 3.644, p < 0.0001), and geopolitical zone (-0.995, p = 0.038), while knowledge was a significant predictor of attitude (B = 0.013, p < 0.0001) and practice (B = 0.054, p < 0.0001). Also, medical doctors in the North-Western parts of Nigeria had a higher likelihood of demonstrating low knowledge (OR = 0.357, p = 0.034) and negative attitudes (OR = 0.235, p = 0.007) toward travel medicine compared to their counterparts from the South-West. <br>Conclusion<br>It is recommended that subsidized professional training programs be organized to ensure that medical practitioners are kept abreast of the best practices in the field. Future studies should explore specific barriers and evaluate the effectiveness of proposed interventionshttps://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230412_5b04b75ec823f3582c9bea7448b5dbab.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110013420251201Validation of a Multidimensional E-Learning Quality Model for Clinical Military Medical Training27628723041610.30491/ijtmgh.2025.537439.1500ENLeilaVosoug BeneKohPhD student, Department of Educational Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.BaharakShirzad KebriaAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bsherzad86@yahoo.comTehran, IranFatemehHamidifarAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Management and Higher Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAbbasKhorshidiProfessor, Department of Educational Sciences, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran.Journal Article20250727Introduction<br>The present study was conducted to design a quality management model for e-learning in the clinical groups of military medical universities.<br>Method<br>This research is an exploratory mixed-methods design in terms of data type. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of experts and university professors experienced in the field of clinical e-learning, selected using purposive sampling of the theoretical type until theoretical saturation was achieved, resulting in 19 individuals being selected. In the quantitative part, there were 381 individuals, of whom 191 were selected using stratified random sampling. The data collection tool in the quantitative phase was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was developed by weighting the indicators derived from the qualitative section.<br>Results<br>The validated model comprises five key dimensions: Standards (prioritizing instructor competence), Planning (emphasizing resource management), Information Technology (focusing on system design), Continuous Quality Improvement (centered on quality control), and Evaluation (stressing internal assessment). All dimensions demonstrated strong reliability (α=0.784-0.983) and validity (AVE>0.50), with excellent model fit (SRMR=0.065, NFI=0.954). The Standard dimension ranked highest in importance, followed by Planning, IT, CQI, and Evaluation. Structural analysis confirmed significant factor loadings (0.755-0.963, phttps://www.ijtmgh.com/article_230416_47bfce1ed8689f3ba5abf41c719b9ad9.pdf