International Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Host Immunity and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Era of Global Travel24691410.30491/ijtmgh.2026.246914ENHadiEsmaeili GouvarchinghalehExecutive Manager, Associate Professor of Immunology, Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences0000-0001-8562-2295Journal Articlehttps://www.ijtmgh.com/article_246914_8cf9bfa3838cfc3f89f16e10a1ee59f4.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701The Future of Beauty: From Cosmetics to Genetic Profile899024328310.30491/ijtmgh.2025.563728.1513ENNimaSadeghiMaxillofacial surgeon, private practice, Tehran, Iran.SamiraTalebiNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.FathollahAhmadpourTrauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251002The ideal of beauty is undergoing a significant shift. It is shifting from surface-level cosmetic application to a deeper understanding of our individual genetic profile. The beauty industry has worked on a general model, but the emerging field of personalized medicine is poised to revolutionize how we improve our health.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243283_2cfcce7f76b695f0aa32da45633d6702.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Public Health Strategies for Travelers in Infectious Disease Outbreaks Post-Disasters878824327310.30491/ijtmgh.2025.513009.1469ENAmenehMarzbanDepartment of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8111-3319Journal Article20250317In recent years, the increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters have highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies to protect travelers in affected areas (1). Post-disaster environments often lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases due to compromised infrastructure, contamination of water supplies, and overcrowded conditions in shelters (2). Travelers, who may lack familiarity with local healthcare systems or disease risks, are especially vulnerable in these situations (3). This letter aims to address the critical importance of tailored public health measures to safeguard the health of travelers amidst post-disaster outbreaks and propose strategies for effective management.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243273_0eabbfed6bdd93bc3b61029b4d8036ea.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Norovirus Beyond Borders: A Global Public Health Threat Requiring Coordinated Action13613924327510.30491/ijtmgh.2025.520171.1475ENVictorAgbajelolaDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211 Missouri, USA.0000-0002-7289-7764Journal Article20250429Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally, contributing to significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in both high- and low-income countries. Although historically associated with travelers’ diarrhea, norovirus is now being recognized as a broader global health threat, with outbreaks occurring in a wide range of settings, including hospitals, cruise ships, schools, refugee camps, and communities. Its high infectivity, low infectious dose, and environmental persistence allow for rapid transmission across geographic and socioeconomic boundaries. While migrant and marginalized populations often bear a disproportionate burden due to barriers such as limited access to culturally competent care, fear of stigmatization, and exclusion from surveillance systems. Outbreaks are frequently accompanied by xenophobic narratives, which hinder effective response by fostering mistrust and delaying case reporting. This commentary underscores the need for multilingual public health messaging, migrant-inclusive surveillance, equitable infrastructure investment, and strengthened international cooperation. Reframing norovirus as a global, borderless health concern is essential for building resilient, inclusive systems capable of mitigating future outbreaks.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243275_40fad4cb54cd826bb6aff020e6824b01.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Targeting Ketone Burden in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Novel IV Infusion Linking Glycine Cleavage, Cofactor Optimization, and Antioxidant Defense12813524328210.30491/ijtmgh.2025.544662.1503ENMaherAklFaculty of Medicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.0000-0001-5480-1688AmrAhmedThe public health department, Riyadh First Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia0000-0003-3477-236XJournal Article20250902Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains a critical emergency with 1–5% mortality and an annual U.S. healthcare burden >2 billion USD. Standard management (insulin, fluids, potassium, bicarbonate) halts ketogenesis but fails to accelerate ketone clearance, address oxidative stress, or replenish depleted cofactors imitations that prolong resolution (12–24 h) and hospital stays (3–4 days). We propose the DKA-Rescue IV infusion, a novel formulation combining Ringer’s lactate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, glycine, thiamine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Glycine targets ketone burden via the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system, enhancing acetoacetate clearance by 30–40% in metabolic models. Thiamine (pyrophosphate form) activates pyruvate dehydrogenase, reducing lactate accumulation by ~25%, while NAC restores glutathione, lowering oxidative markers by up to 50%. Kinetic modeling predicts accelerated acidosis correction (pH from 6.9 to 7.3 within hours) and faster ketone elimination, potentially shortening recovery to 6–8 hours. Feasibility is supported by low production costs (8–15 USD/L) and physiologic osmolarity (280–310 mOsm/L). This framework redefines DKA as a treatable metabolic network disorder and warrants early-phase clinical trials to validate safety and efficacy.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243282_9717dc0b05ab0129ab206f34a16f1ad1.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Chicken Pox and Ethical Considerations: A Narrative Review838624327210.30491/ijtmgh.2025.511497.1468ENMahdiehFarzanehpour0000-0001-8562-2295Jannat JannatMashayekhiSpiritual Health Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IranJournal Article20250309Chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster) are caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While chickenpox is typically a childhood disease, shingles occur due to viral reactivation later in life, often causing severe pain and complications. While VZV typically presents with mild symptoms, its high morbidity rate raises important ethical questions regarding vaccination, intentional exposure, and quarantine practices. <br>Method: This study is a narrative review to assess VZV’s ethical considerations. Although the publication date of relevant articles was not an inclusion criterion, an attempt was made to prioritize more recent articles related to the varicella virus, while excluding older, less relevant articles. We analyze these issues through the lens of the four principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.<br>Findings: While respect for parental autonomy in healthcare decisions is crucial, this article argues that it must be balanced against the medical community’s responsibility to prevent harm and promote public health. The ethical implications of intentional exposure to VZV, particularly in the context of existing vaccination, are critically examined. In addition, the challenges of ensuring equitable access to immunization and the affordability of universal vaccination programs within healthcare equity are discussed. Access to herd immunity can also be considered a subset of justice, and this immunity can be achieved through universal vaccination.<br>Results: The article concludes by emphasizing the essential need for a balanced approach that integrates ethical responsibilities with effective public health initiatives to manage VZV and other preventable diseases.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243272_d13afbb4198fe81c33770dde350b4ff6.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Anticancer Effects of Synbiotics Bridging Hypothesis and Reality ready11211824327710.30491/ijtmgh.2025.528756.1492ENZohreNejadasadollahDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0007-0138-5917LeilaAbbasi AndevariDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0008-8776-9117SajedehRahmanzadehDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0006-2657-0126KhadijehNematiDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0004-0150-825XFatemehGorzin MataieDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Health Research Center ,Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0001-5106-5184SepidehMokabberiDepartment of Cellular& Molecular Biology,
Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran0009-0003-6068-9110Journal Article20250606Introduction: One of the main causes of death in the world is cancer. This disease is caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the unlimited proliferation of cells and eventually lead to tumor formation. The potential anticancer effects of synbiotics, combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, have garnered increasing attention in recent years, transitioning from theoretical frameworks to practical applications in cancer research. <br>Methods: This review explores the mechanisms through which synbiotics may exert protective effects against various types of cancer, focusing on their ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance immune function, and reduce inflammation. We examine the existing preclinical and clinical studies that support the hypothesis of synbiotics as effective adjunctive therapies in cancer prevention and treatment. Key findings indicate that synbiotics can influence tumor microenvironments, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and promote apoptosis, thereby offering a multifaceted approach to cancer management. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and limitations in current research, including variability in synbiotic formulations, dosage considerations, and the need for standardized clinical protocols. <br>Results: By synthesizing current evidence and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synbiotics' anticancer potential, highlighting their role in bridging the gap between hypothesis and reality. Conclusion: Future research directions are proposed to further validate the therapeutic applications of synbiotics in oncology, paving the way for innovative dietary interventions in cancer care.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243277_4f754eef5784e0fb9aed69f47993c675.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701NIDCAP: Protecting Preterm Infants and Reducing Stress in Families919924328610.30491/ijtmgh.2025.514255.1472ENMohammad RezaMansoori AraniPhd in Nursing Education, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical SciencesSeyed AmirabbasSharif2. Assistant Professor of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranMohammadAghajani3. Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran0000-0001-9776-4936Journal Article20250228Preterm infants are exposed to multiple risks due to their early arrival in the world, which can have profound effects on their health and development, as well as on the mental health of their families. The NIDCAP program is designed as an observational approach and attention to the specific needs of premature infants, to facilitate the care and maintenance of these infants. This study examines the effects of NIDCAP in reducing stress and anxiety in families of premature infants. This narrative review shows that NIDCAP provides parents with a greater sense of control and comfort by creating a supportive and calm environment for infants and families. Also, the personalized care practices in this program help improve sleep quality and reduce stress in infants. Based on the review of available data, this article concludes that NIDCAP not only helps improve the clinical condition of premature infants, but also reduces the cognitive and emotional burden on families. Overall, NIDCAP can be considered an effective tool in the care of premature infants and increases psychological support for families. This study seeks to emphasize the importance of identifying and implementing such programs in health canters to help improve the quality of life of infants and their families.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243286_09e708a385b29c25abd2d26d6f6ead30.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Nursing Students' Lived Experiences of the Practical Components of Happiness: A Qualitative Study10011124327610.30491/ijtmgh.2025.523744.1481ENMohammadAzimiAssociate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranKamalNosrati HeshiAssistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranHamidrezaDehghanDepartment of Psychology and Counseling, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-8232-9154RanaYaghoubiDepartment of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranShahramEsfandiariDepartment of English Language Teaching, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.NedaEisapor KalkhoranTeacher, M.A. of Educational Management, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250515Introduction:Nurses are the largest working group in hospitals, and due to numerous responsibilities and24-hour communication with patients, attention to their issues, including happiness and the study of its related factors, and providing practical solutions, is of particular importance.Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effective components of happiness in nurses.<br>Methods: The current qualitative study used Silva's systematic review approach and phenomenology. The studied population consisted of nurses from Ardabil province.In the phenomenology section, 10 nurses were selected by target sampling based on criteria such as at least 3years of experience, direct experience of working challenges related to happiness and burnout, and a tendency to participate in research.10participants were adequately identified based on the principle of data saturation in qualitative research. Because after this number,no new information was obtained, and the main themes were repeated.Each interview lasted between40 and 90 minutes. Silva and Colaizzi's methods were used to analyze interviews and examine the experience of participants. <br>Results:In the first part of the study,three main themes (theoretical concepts of happiness and job burnout,factors affecting nurses' happiness,and strategies for enhancing happiness and reducing burnout) and15axial codes were extracted as components of happiness. In the second part of the study, one main theme and three axial codes were identified, in which barriers and challenges were extracted.<br>Conclusion:The results showed that various factors,including individual,family,educational, occupational,and financial elements,affect the happiness of nurses.Additionally,by identifying the challenges and obstacles in the nursing profession,we can provide solutions to improve conditions and increase the happiness of nurses.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243276_47e761d4e605bf177a35c6b2e78bb61f.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701Ensuring Traveler Health Through Single-Serve Instant Beverage Packaging: Optimization of Sachet-Filling Parameters for Product Safety and Quality Preservation11912724328010.30491/ijtmgh.2025.542532.1502ENSayyed MohammadrezaSedehiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAbdolahAlinejadResearch and Development Manager, San Faravar Sepehr Manufacturing Group (Bargaz), Gonabad, IranNargesDehghanniriMaster of Health, Safety and Environmental Management (HSE), Environmental Health Expert, Yazd City Health Center, Health Assistant, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, YazdMotahareh SadatDehghan NiriFaculty of Engineering, University of Gonabad, GonabadNiloofarDarroudiFaculty of Engineering, University of Gonabad, GonabadJournal Article20250820Objectives: This study was conducted to ensure traveler health and food safety by investigating the effects of key sachet-filling machine parameters on the quality and safety of single-serve instant beverage packaging.<br>Methods: Three main variables were examined under controlled experiments: metallized film thickness (55, 75, and 95 μm), sealing temperature (125, 135, and 145 °C), and filling speed (slow, medium, and fast). Evaluations focused on three critical indicators package distortion, adhesion to the cutter, and seal integrity—to establish optimal conditions that ensure product safety and maintain packaging quality for single-serve use.<br>Results: Increasing metallized film thickness from 55 to 95 μm reduced adhesion to the cutter but led to higher package distortion. Higher sealing temperatures (145 °C) improved adhesion, yet, when combined with higher filling speeds, seal integrity deteriorated. Optimal conditions were identified at 75 μm thickness, 135 °C sealing temperature, and medium filling speed, which minimized distortion and adhesion while ensuring high-quality sealing and safe single-serve packaging.<br>Discussion: These findings emphasize the importance of simultaneous optimization of machine parameters to enhance packaging quality and safety in single-serve instant beverage production. The results provide a reliable basis for designing industrial processes that prioritize product safety, minimize health risks for travelers, and ensure consistent packaging performancehttps://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243280_5c5d387e3261414e89596ad964c99443.pdfInternational Travel Medicine Center of IranInternational Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health2322-110014220260701COVID-19 Re-emergence: IHR Core Capacities Evaluation at Points of Entry in Nigeria for Public Health Preparedness14014624327810.30491/ijtmgh.2025.542004.1501ENEdetOttoDepartment of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ayayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria0000-0003-2581-7087Babatunde YusufAdiamaDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria0000-0003-1895-9765HenrySawyerrDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria0000-0003-3897-9034Olaniyi AfolabiOpasolaDepartment of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria0000-0002-4962-5744Journal Article20250718Introduction: Points of Entry (PoEs), such as seaports, are critical for managing the movement of people and goods. Nevertheless, they are also significant vectors for the international spread of infectious diseases. As such, the International Health Regulations (IHR) established by the World Health Organisation are a cornerstone of global public health security, requiring countries to strengthen their preparedness and response capacities at PoEs. However, like many developing countries, Nigeria faces significant disparities in preparedness, leaving it vulnerable to emerging health threats, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. Therefore, this study assessed the core capacities related to preparedness and response at three key Nigerian maritime PoEs: Lagos Apapa, Rivers, and Delta Port. Method: We employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey using the State Party Annual Reporting (SPAR) questionnaire to evaluate core capacity parameters, including allocated funds, training, equipment availability, inter-agency collaboration, and emergency contingency plans. Results: Findings indicate significant regional disparities, with Lagos Apapa showing relatively better preparedness than Rivers and Delta Ports, which faced considerable challenges in funding, training, and equipment availability. Specifically, Lagos Apapa port reported 75% (functional capacity in funding, while Rivers and Delta ports face minimal functional capacity, particularly in training (15.9% and 9.1%) and equipment availability (19.1% and 16.0%). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate critical gaps in Nigeria's public health infrastructure at PoEs and emphasise the need for targeted interventions to improve core capacities, contributing to ongoing efforts to strengthen public health systems at PoEs in developing nations, in alignment with the IHR.https://www.ijtmgh.com/article_243278_f34d39a5ddbbf2aa15b8181d2a18cb2b.pdf