Medical migration and transplant tourism are two phenomena in the global healthcare dynamics that present significant ethical, economic, and policy challenges. This paper focused on the intersection between these trends, particularly in the Nigerian context. The study examined three key research questions: What drives transplant tourism and medical migration? How do they affect the healthcare systems of sending and receiving countries? What are the ethical, legal, and economic issues involved in transplant tourism? Using a case study approach, the paper explored Nigerian medical professionals and patients migrating abroad for better opportunities and care, as well as the influx of foreign transplant patients to Nigerian hospitals. Through a detailed analysis of economic disparity, healthcare infrastructure, and global health governance, this paper traced the history and dynamics of healthcare migration, drawing on both contemporary and historical contexts of medical tourism. The research objectives are to understand the historical trajectory of healthcare migration, analyse the socio-economic and healthcare drivers behind transplant tourism, and assess its broader impacts on healthcare systems in both source and destination countries. The case study methodological approach employed in the study assessed the dynamics of Nigerian outbound and inbound medical migration/transplant tourism, contributing to the discourse of global healthcare and providing insights into the implications of medical migration and transplant tourism, especially in developing economies. The paper concluded by offering policy recommendations to reduce the adverse effects of these practices while using their potentials for the development of the healthcare system in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries.