Understanding HIV-Free Survival: A Qualitative Analysis of FactorsImpacting Exposed Infants in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Njuguna, Augustine Gatimu; Karanja, Simon Muturi; Wanzala, Peter Wanzala

doi:10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.513005.1470

Understanding HIV-Free Survival: A Qualitative Analysis of FactorsImpacting Exposed Infants in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Augustine Gatimu Njuguna ¹

Simon Muturi Karanja ²

Peter Wanzala Wanzala ³

¹ Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology

² Jomo Kenya University of Science and Technology

³ Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)

10.30491/ijtmgh.2025.513005.1470

Abstract

Abstract

Background: PMTCT programs reduce HIV transmission from mothers to children, but uptake is limited in high-prevalence areas like Homa Bay County, Kenya. PMTCT integration into mother and child health services has socio-economic, cultural, and logistical obstacles.

Objective: To explore the barriers and enablers influencing the uptake and adherence to PMTCT services among HIV-positive mothers in Homa Bay County.

Methods: This qualitative study included 13 healthcare provider KIIs and eight HIV-positive mother FGDs in seven sub-counties of Homa-Bay County. Data was analyzed thematically through the Gioia approach, which identified first-order concepts, second-order themes, and aggregate dimensions from data.

Results: The participants reported several key obstacles, such as cultural norms, information gaps, economic constraints, transportation issues, stigma, and referral system inefficiencies. Male participation, efficient service delivery techniques, community awareness-raising, and peer support were noted as vital facilitators. Participants emphasized the value of dietary support, emotional support, and structured health education in enhancing PMTCT adherence.

Conclusion: Overcoming PMTCT barriers requires community action, male engagement, better healthcare, and policy support to improve maternal and child health.

Keywords

PMTCT

HIV

maternal health

barriers to care

qualitative study

Homa Bay County