Chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster) are caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). While chickenpox is typically a childhood disease, shingles occur due to viral reactivation later in life, often causing severe pain and complications. While VZV typically presents with mild symptoms, its high morbidity rate raises important ethical questions regarding vaccination, intentional exposure, and quarantine practices.
Method: This study is a narrative review to assess VZV’s ethical considerations. Although the publication date of relevant articles was not an inclusion criterion, an attempt was made to prioritize more recent articles related to the varicella virus, while excluding older, less relevant articles. We analyze these issues through the lens of the four principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.
Findings: While respect for parental autonomy in healthcare decisions is crucial, this article argues that it must be balanced against the medical community’s responsibility to prevent harm and promote public health. The ethical implications of intentional exposure to VZV, particularly in the context of existing vaccination, are critically examined. In addition, the challenges of ensuring equitable access to immunization and the affordability of universal vaccination programs within healthcare equity are discussed. Access to herd immunity can also be considered a subset of justice, and this immunity can be achieved through universal vaccination.
Results: The article concludes by emphasizing the essential need for a balanced approach that integrates ethical responsibilities with effective public health initiatives to manage VZV and other preventable diseases.