Introduction: One of the main causes of death in the world is cancer. This disease is caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the unlimited proliferation of cells and eventually lead to tumor formation. The potential anticancer effects of synbiotics, combinations of probiotics and prebiotics, have garnered increasing attention in recent years, transitioning from theoretical frameworks to practical applications in cancer research.
Methods: This review explores the mechanisms through which synbiotics may exert protective effects against various types of cancer, focusing on their ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance immune function, and reduce inflammation. We examine the existing preclinical and clinical studies that support the hypothesis of synbiotics as effective adjunctive therapies in cancer prevention and treatment. Key findings indicate that synbiotics can influence tumor microenvironments, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and promote apoptosis, thereby offering a multifaceted approach to cancer management. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and limitations in current research, including variability in synbiotic formulations, dosage considerations, and the need for standardized clinical protocols.
Results: By synthesizing current evidence and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synbiotics' anticancer potential, highlighting their role in bridging the gap between hypothesis and reality. Conclusion: Future research directions are proposed to further validate the therapeutic applications of synbiotics in oncology, paving the way for innovative dietary interventions in cancer care.