Henipaviruses (family Paramyxoviridae) are negative-sense RNA viruses with a genome that encodes six structural and three nonstructural proteins. Pteropid bats are the primary reservoirs. Recent surveillance in eastern China has identified Langya henipavirus (LayV) in febrile patients with a history of animal exposure; shrews had the highest LayV prevalence, but the zoonotic transmission pathway remains unclear. Genomic studies of Angavokely virus (AngV) reveal conserved pathogenic determinants, including features that enable human cell tropism. From a travel medicine perspective, infection risk for international travelers visiting endemic regions remains very low when standard precautions are followed, although sporadic Nipah virus outbreaks in South Asia have led to enhanced health screenings at airports and land borders. Phylogenetic analyses position AngV as an ancestral bat-borne lineage that diverged from Hendra and Nipah viruses through distinct entry mechanisms, likely involving unidentified receptors. Elucidating these receptors is crucial for assessing host range and spillover risk. This Review melds three rapidly evolving areas: (i) the growing diversity of henipaviruses and parahenipaviruses, including viruses newly identified in different geographic regions in 2024–2025 (e.g., Salt Gully virus and Camp Hill virus); (ii) the implementation of One Health approaches at points of entry, facilitated by the recently developed One Health POE Checklist; and (iii) the impact of the revised International Health Regulations on border health surveillance and travel medicine. By connecting molecular virology, ecological surveillance, and health systems preparedness, this Review offers a timely digest for scientists, public health authorities, and travel medicine practitioners.